L I P 



L I P 



army, and join the Auftrians againft the king of PruiTia ; 

 he refufed, though at the rifle of being put under the ban of 

 the empire, and continued faithful to the engagements which 

 he had entered into with England. In 1759 the count 

 obtained the command of the whole artillery of the allied 

 army ; took a confiderable (liare in the battle of Toden- 

 haufen, and the furcefs of the day was in a great meafure 

 owing to the artillery of which he had the command. He 

 was in the fame year fuccefsfuUy engaged in the fieges of 

 Marpurg and Munller. On his return home, in 1760, he 

 formed an anificial ifland in the Steinheederlake, which is a 

 mile in length, and half a mile broad, and being furrounded 

 by moraffes, is without the reach of cannon. Here he con- 

 ftrufted a fortrefs, which was confidered as impregnable, and 

 it contains, befides the ufual apartments, a chapel, and a 

 library furnifhed with the beft books on engineering, a col- 

 leftion of models, another of natural curiofities, and lodg- 

 ings for the officers, with a fchool for engineers, and an 

 obfervatory. In 1761, when the war broke out between 

 Spain and Portugal, count Lippe was appointed by his Bri- 

 tannic majefty as commander-in-chief of the Britifh troops 

 fent to the affiilance of the latter. He was afterwards 

 entrufted with the command of botli armies, and m 1762 

 proceeded, by way of England, to Portugal. Soon after his 

 arrival, the king ordered the fum of forty thoufand crufa- 

 does to be paid him for his ellablifhment, but he immediately 

 dillributed one-half of the money among the foldiers, and 

 fent back the remainder, except what was fufficient to pay 

 for his uniform of field-manhal, to the king His majelty 

 even offered him a pension of 3000/. but this the count de- 

 cHned, and nothing could induce him to accept of that re- 

 muneration of his fervices to which he was unqueilionably 

 entitled. By his exertions principally, Portugal was pro- 

 tefted from the danger threatened to it by her powerful and 

 ambitious neighbour. The king of Portugal, Jofeph I. who 

 knew how to appreciate count Lippe's talents, employed him 

 in a civil as well as military capacity, and, in confequence of 

 his advice, introi!uced many improvements into the political 

 adminiftration of the kingdom, and particularly into the 

 financial department. His principal objeft was to eiliablifh 

 the army on a refpeCtable footing, and to infpire the foldiery 

 with a more delicate fenfe of honour. The war which he 

 carried on with Spain was merely a defenfive one, but he ef- 

 fected more by it than he could by one of a contrary defcrip- 

 tion, as he was enabled to throw to many obftacles in the 

 way of the enemy, that their plans were rendered entirely 

 fruitlefs. In 1763, before he left PortUi^al, he eilabliihed 

 a fchool of artdlery, and conilrutlcd on the Spaniih fron- 

 tier a very ftrong fortrefs, which, in commemoration of his 

 name, was called Fort Lippe. At the general peace the 

 count returned to Germany, carrying with him abundance 

 of prefents from the kings of Portugal and England, in tef- 

 timony of their efteem and approbation. He now employed 

 much of his time in the tludy of the military art, and in 

 bringing his theories to the teft of praftice. As the refult 

 of his experience and obfervations,he wrote a treatiie on the 

 art of defenfive war, in fix imall volumes, which is faid to 

 poffefs much merit, but of which he had only ten copies 

 printed. In 1767 he rcvifited Porttigal by the king's invita- 

 tion, ^nd completed the reform which he had begun in the 

 Portuguefe army. In the following fpring he returned to 

 Germany, and loon after was honoured with a vifit from 

 Frederic II. of PrulTia. The remainder of his Ufe he em- 

 plf^yed in promoting the profperity of his dates, and the 

 happinefs of his fubjefts. He died in 1777, in the fifty- 

 fourth year of his age. SubUme thoughts and heroic fenti- 

 ments had been as familiar and natural to his mind as they 



were to the nobleft charafters of Greece and Rome. The 

 animation of his features announced the elevation, fagacity, 

 penetration, kindnefs, virtue, and ferenity of his foul. In 

 his retirement he amufed himfelf with the arts and fciences, 

 but his favourite ftudies were philofophy and ancient hiftory. 

 He pofTefTed an extenfive knowledge in every department of 

 literature, and by his travels in foreign countries he had be- 

 come familiarly acquainted with the French, Englidi, Ita- 

 lian and Portuguefe languages : he was an excellent draftf- 

 man, a great connoiffeur in paintings ; and excelled fo much 

 io mufic, that he was able to direct the concerts which were 

 given in the evening at his rcfidence. Gen. Biog. 



Lippe, in Geography, a county of Germany, W. of the 

 biihopric of Paderborn, divided into fevcral branches, 

 which derive their names from the different towns and parts of 

 the principality belonging to each. The country, gener Jiy 

 mountainous, contains fome good arable land. Its chief 

 towns are Detmold and Lemgow, and the principal rivers 

 are the Emmer and the Werra. It now forms a part of the 

 kingdom of Weftphalia. — Alfo, a tows of Weilphalia, 

 called L'lppjladt, on a river of the fame name ; 14 miles 

 W. of Paderborn. N. Jl 39'. E. long 8° 24'. 



LIPPEHNE, a town of the New Mark of Branden- 

 burg; 26 miles N. of Cuftrin. N. lat. 53^4'. E. long. 



'5^ 3'- 



LIPPI Fra. Filippo, in Biography. Concerning the 

 exaft date when the birth of this very excellent hiilorical 

 painter took place, authors differ extremely. The moft 

 probable account fixes it about the beginning of the fifteenth 

 century, as he was a fcliolar ef, and of courfe nearly con- 

 temporary with, Maffaccio. At the age of fixteen, being 

 entered a noviciate in the convent of Carmelites at Florence, 

 where he was born, he had there an opportunity of feeing 

 that extraordinary artift at work upon the aftoniiliing fref- 

 coes with which he adorned the ch pel of Brancacci, in the 

 church there ; and became eager to embrace the art he faw 

 capable of fo much effect in affording gratification, inftruc- 

 tion,and intercft to the mind. 



Such was his fucccfs, and fo did he enter into the princi- 

 ples and manner of his great malter, that after the death of 

 the latter, it was faid, by common confent, that the foul of 

 Maffaccio (till abode with Fra. Filippo. 



He forfook the habit of his convent, and devoted himfelf 

 entirely to painting ; but his ftudies were for a time dif- 

 turbed by his being unfortunately taken, while out on a 

 party of p'eafure, by fome Moors, and carried prifoner to 

 Barbary ; where he remained in llavery 18 months. He 

 obtained his liberty by his talents. He drew the portrait of 

 his mailer upon a wall with fo much fpirit and accuracy in re- 

 femblance, that he, being flruck with the ingenuity of his 

 ilave, and generoufly feeling compunftion in confining a man 

 of fuch ufeful talents, gave him his freedom as a reward. 



On his return home he painted fome works for Alprlionfo, 

 king of Calabria. He employed himfelf alfo in Padua ; but it 

 was in his native city of Florence, that his principal works 

 were performed. He was employed by Cofrao di Medici; 

 who prelentcd his pictures to his friends ; and one to pope 

 Eugcnius IV. He was alfo employed to adorn the palaces of 

 the republic, the churches, and many of the houfes of the 

 principal citizens ; among whom his talents were held ia 

 high ellimation. 



The holy mode of life into which he was condu<5ted in 

 early years, and the fine endowments of mind which he en- 

 joyed by nature, did not teach him the folly of vice ; and 

 he met in this world with a fevere puiiilhment, jultly due 

 to a guilty amour he indulged in at Spolcto ; where he was 

 employed at the cathedral to paint the chapel of the Bleffed 

 S 3 Virgin. 



