L 1 P 



tcants, but as alteratives, by the cantharides being freely 

 abforbed into the circulation. He was likewife an advocate 

 for JfTues. See Defcript.of the Human Eye, and its prin- 

 cipal Difeafes, by J. Warner, F R.S p, 13. 



LIPPOMAN, Lewis, in Biography, a learned Italian pre- 

 late, defcended from a noble Venetian family, flourifhed in 

 the fixteenth century, bnt the time of his birth is not known. 

 Being intended for the church, he purfiied his ftudies with fo 

 much diligence and fuccefs , that he was confidcred one of the 

 ableft divines of his time : he was likewife diftingniflied for his 

 capacity for bufinefs. He acquired confiderable reputation 

 by his attendance at the council of Trent, and was fixed en 

 by pope .Iiilius HI. as one of the three prelidents of that 

 council. He went as nuncio into Germany, and was after- 

 wards fent in the fame high capacity into Poland, by pope 

 Paul IV. who made him his fecretary. In Poland he was 

 the unrelenting pcrfecutor of the Jews and Proteftants ; and 

 by his zeal in defence of his own religion, he obtained, fuccef- 

 fively, the bifhoprics of Verona, Modena, and Bergamo. 

 As a writer he pubhfhed " Catenas'' of the Greek and Latin 

 fathers, upon " Gencfis," " Exodus," and the " Firft 

 Ten Pfalms." He made alfo a new colleftion of " The 

 Lives of the Saints,'' in eight vols, folio. He died in 1559, 

 and is mentioned by De Thou as one equally illullrious for 

 the purity of his principles, and the innocence of his hfe. 

 Moreri. 



LIPPSPRING, in Geography, a town of Weftphalia, 

 in the bifhopric of Paderborn, at the fource of the Lippe ; 

 rcadered famous by Charlemagne's obliging the Saxons to 

 embrace Chriilianity in thi^ place, and holding in it three 

 councils; four miles N. of Paderborn. 



LIPRAZZO, a town of Naples, in Capitanata ; 17 miles 

 W.S.W. of Maufredonia. 



LIPS, Laiiia, in Anatomy, the edge, or exterior part, 

 of the mouth ; or that mulculous extremity which {huts 

 and covers the mouth, both above and below. See Deglu- 

 tition and Lip. 



Lips are alfo ufed to fignify the two edges of a wound. 



Lips, in Geography, a town and caftle of Hungary ; 

 four miles N. of Neulol. 



LIPSE, or LlPsiUB, Ji'STCS, in B'lography, a very emi- 

 nent philologill and critic, was born at a village, near Bruffels, 

 in the year 1547. He (hev\-ed an early difpofition for the 

 purfuits of literature, which was cultivated at the .Tefuits' 

 tchool in Cologne, whither he was fent when he was about 

 12 years of age. From thence he went to Louvain, and 

 engaged in the lludy of the civil law, ftill retaining a ftrong 

 predileftion for the belles lettres. His tirft work was en- 

 titled " Variarum Lettionum Libri Tres," which he de- 

 dicated to the cardinal Granvelle, who patronized him, and 

 received him into his houie at Rome, where he arrived when 

 he was twenty years of age. He fpent two years with the 

 cardinal in the quality of Latin fecretary, and employed 

 every leil'ure hour in collating MSS. in the Vatican and 

 other libraries, and cultivating an acquaintance with the 

 eminent fcholars then refiding in the metropolis. On his re- 

 turn to Louvain he paffed fome time in youthful gaieties, 

 but becoming fenfible of the danger of diffipated habit;, 

 lie rcfolved to quit the fcene, and vifit Vienna. In 1572 

 he accepted the profefforlhip of hillory at Jena, though a 

 Lutheran univcrfity : he quitted Jena in two years and 

 went to Cologne, where he wrote his " Antiquae Ledliones," 

 conlilling chiefly of emendations of Plautus ; and at the 

 lame period began his notes upon Tacitus. After this he 

 went to Louvain, and was created a doctor of laws : from 

 thence he proceeded to Leyden, accepted the profeifonhip 

 of hiftory, aad exchanged the Roman Catholic religion for 



L I (^ 



that of Calvinifm. Here he fpent thirteen of the moil valu- 

 able years of bis life, and obtained much reputation by the 

 works which hepubhfhed Thefe were upon various topics, 

 critical, hiftorical, and philofophical : but his commentaries 

 upon Tacitus were particularly efteemed by the learned. 

 In two of his v.-orks, -viz. " Politicorum Libri VI." and 

 " De una Religione," he openly maintained the maxims that 

 no flate ought to permit a plurality of religions, but ought 

 to excrcife the utmoft feverity againft all thofc who dillunt 

 from the church. Such fentiments, carried to the extent in 

 which he carried them, gave great offence to the government 

 of this country, and he was glad to withdraw into Flanders 

 for fafety. There he abjured the Proteftants, and joined 

 the Catholics, with whom he lived the remainder of his hfe. 

 He fettled again at Louvain, and taught the belles lettres 

 v/ith great fuccefs : he received liberal propofals from vari- 

 ous fovereigns and other perfons of diftinAion to relide 

 under their protection, but preferred to continue at Lou- 

 vain, where he pubiiflied feveral works, fome of which were 

 not only of inferior merit, but difplaycd the weaknefs of a 

 very fuperftitious mind ; he did not fcruple to give an ac- 

 count of the wonders and miracles performed at the fhrine? 

 of two images of the Virgin Mary : in this he adopted 

 every puerile and abfurd tale that he found current among 

 the vulgar. Lipfuis died at Louvain in 1606, in his fifty- 

 ninth year. His works have been collected in fix volumes 

 folio, divided, according to their fubjects, into facred hillory, 

 Roman and foreign hillory, political and moral difcuflions, 

 &c. He was a very able Latin fcholar, and wrote com- 

 mentaries upon Plautus, Tacitus, Valerius Maximus, Vcl- 

 leius Paterculus, and Seneca. Moreri. Bayle. 



LIPSK, in Geography, a town of Lithuania, in the pala- 

 tinate of Novogrodek ; 2S miles W.S.W. of Sluck Alfo, 



a town of Poland, in the palatinate of Sandomirz ; 30 miles 

 N. of Sandomirz. 



LIPSO, an ifland in the Grecian Archipelago, about 

 eight miles in circumference ; fix miles S.S.E. of Patmos. 

 N. lat. _;7" 24'. E. long. 26- 23'. 



LIPTOTES, in Rhetoric, a figure, wherein, by deny- 

 ing the contrary of what we intend, more is fignified than 

 we would feem to exprefs. Thus in the following verfe of 

 Virgil. ^ 



" Quid proJeil, quod me ipfe animo non fpernis, Amynta." 



See VofTuis, Rhet. lib. iv. p. 183. 



LIPYRIA, in Ancient Medicine, >.uz-jfia, a term applied ' 

 to thofe varieties of continued fever, in which a burnin«- 

 heat was felt in the vifcera, while the extremities and ex- 

 ternal parts were cold. It was afcribcd by Galen and Ae- 

 tius to an eryfipelatous inflammation of fome of the abdo- 

 minal or thoracic vifcera. See Galen, Comment. 2. in 

 Prog. & Com. ad Aph. 48. lib. iv. — Act. Tetrab. 2 lib. ii. 

 cap. 89. — Alfo Foefii CEconom. Hippocrates. 



LIOUAMEN Pyriticum, in Natural Hi/lory, a nam.e 

 given by fome authors to the liquid matter remaining in 

 the pans in which the common vhriol is made ; after which 

 no more of that fait will fhoot. It is otherwife called li- 

 quamen of vitriol. 



LIOUAMUMIA, a term invented by fome of the dif- 

 penfatory writers, to lignify human fat. 



LIQUEFACTION, an operation, by which a folid 

 body is reduced into a liquid ; or the aftion of fire or heat 

 on fat, and other fufible bodies, which puts their parts into 

 a mutual intcfline motion. 



The liquefaftion of wax, &c. is performed by a moderate 

 heat, that of fal tartari, by the mere moifture of the air. 



All falts liquefy ; fand, mixed with alkalis, becomes li- 

 1 2 quefied 



