L I Q^ 



quefied by a reverberatory fire, in the making of glafs. 

 In fpeaking of metals, inltead of liqucfaftion, we ordinarily 

 ufe the word fiifwn. 



LIQUET. See Non Liquet. 



LIQUID, a body which has the property of fluidity; 

 and, befides that, a peculiar quality of wetting other bodies 

 immerged in it, arifing from lome configuration of its par- 

 ticles, which difpofes them to adhere to the furfaces of 

 bodies contiguous to them. See Fluid and Liquidity. 

 Liquids, Denfity of. See Density. 

 Liquid a/«m, amber, confeBs, laudanum, meafures, Jlorax, 

 fuhhur. See the refpeiftive fubftantives. 



Liquid, among Grammarians, is a name applied to certain 

 confonants oppofed to mutes. 



L, m, n, and r, are liquids. See L, M, N, &c. 

 LIQUIDAMBAR, in Botany, from liquUum, fluid, 

 and ambar, a fragrant fubllance, generally taken for amber- 

 grife ; alludmg to the aromatic liquid gum which dilhls 

 from this tree. Linn. Gen. 499. Schreb. 649. WiUd. Sp. 

 PI. V. 4. 475 Mart. Mill. Did. V. 3. Ait. Hort. Kew. 

 ed. I. V. 3. 36c. JufT. 410. Lamarck lUullr. t. 783. 

 Gasrtn. t. 90. Michaux Boreal-Amer v. 2. 202. — Clafs and 

 order, Menoecta Polyandria. Nat. Ord. ^mentaceit, Linn. 

 JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Male flowers numerous, in a long, conical, 

 loofe catkin. Cat. a common involucrum of four ovate, 

 concave, deciduous leaves, the alternate ones Imaller. Cor. 

 none. Stam. Filaments numerous, very fhort, in a mafs 

 which is convex on one fide, flat on the other ; anthers ereft, 

 of two lobes and two cells, with four furrows. 



Female flowers coUedted into a globe, at the bafe of the 

 male catkin. Cal. an involucrum, as in the male, but dou- 

 ble, the proper perianths being feveral within it, connefted 

 together, bell-fliaped, angular, warty. Cor. none. Pift. 

 Germens two, fuperior, united to the perianth and to each 

 other ; ilyle to each folitary, long, avvl-fliaped ; itigma re- 

 curved, downy. Peric. Capfules two, coriaceous, beaked, 

 of one cell, opening at the inner edge. Seeds feveral, ob- 

 long, comprefled, (hining, with a membranous point. 



Efl^. Ch. Male, Catkin with a four-leaved involucrum. 

 Corolla none. Stamens numerous. 



Female, Catkin globofe, with a four-leaved involucrum. 

 Perianth of one leaf, pitcher-fhaped, two-flowered. Corolla 

 none. Styles two. Capfules two, furrounded by the pe- 

 rianth at their bafe, each of one cell, with many feeds. 



I. L.. Jlyraci/lua. Maple-leaved Liquid-amber, or Sweet 

 Gum. Linn. Sp. PI. 1418. Duhamel Arb v. i, 366. n. I. 

 t. 139. Sm. Inf. of Georgia, t 48. Ehrh. PI. Off. 129 — 

 Leaves palmate, ferrated, acute ; veins hairy at the bale of 

 their ramifications — Native of fwampy ground in mod parts 

 of North America, near rivulets. It is a tall, ftraight, and 

 handfome tree, with a round head of alternate, ftalked, ele- 

 gant and fliining leaves, palmate like fome kinds of maple, 

 fmaller than thofe of the Plane. Flowers terminal ; the 

 male a ftalked, hairy, branched, conical catkin, or rather 

 perhaps a clufter of globofe flowers, nearly a finger's 

 length ; female a globular head, on a long fimple brafteated 

 ftalk, fpringing from the bafe of the former. Fruit fmaller 

 than that of the Plane, befet in every direftion v>ith the long 

 prominent points of the capfules. This tree is hardy in our 

 gardens, and very ornamental, changing in autumn to various 

 rich hues of red and orange, but does not bloifom in Europe, 

 at leaft not till it is very old. The gum, which exudes from 

 any wounds in the trunk, in the warmer parts of its native 

 climate, is feldom produced here. We have once collefted 

 it from a tree in Kew garden. Its fcent is very fragrant and 

 agreeable, like Benzoin or Storax. 



L I Q^ 



2. L. imberbis. Oriental Liquid-amber. (L. orientalis ; 

 Mill. Diet. ed. 8. n. 2 Platanus orientalis ; Pocock's 

 Travels, v. 2. t. 89 Willd.) - Leaves palmate, bluntly cre- 

 nate, or wavy, ob'ufe ; veins naked. — Native of the Le- 

 vant. Seeds were fent to France by Peyfonel, and fome 

 were forwarded to Miller, who raifed plants from them at 

 Chelfea. Whether any of thefe trees exift in England at 

 prcfent we know not. Some were to be feen at Paris 25 

 years ago, and probably ftill remain. This fpecies differs 

 from the former in having fmaller leaves, whofe lobes, as 

 well as their notches, are all blunt, their margins wavy, not 

 ferrated, and their veins nearly or quite deftitute of all pu- 

 befcence at their origin. 



For L. afplcnifoUum of Linnxus, a name which he after- 

 wards changed, much for the worle, to peregrinum, fee 



COMPTONIA. 



LiQUiDAMBAR, in Gardening, comprifes plants of the 

 hardy deciduous tree kind, of which the fpecies culti- 

 vated are the maple-leaved liquidambar, or fwect gum 

 (L. ftyraciflua ;) and the oriental liquidambar (L. im- 

 berbis. ) 



Mdbod of Culture. — Thefe two plants are increafed by 

 feeds and layers. In the former mode the feed fliould be 

 fown as fuon as it is procured from abroad, in fpring, in a 

 bed of light earth, half an inch deep, when the plants will 

 rife fome the fame year and others not until the fpring follow- 

 ing, moderate waterings being occafionally given, keeping 

 them clean from weeds all fummer, and protefling them 

 from fevere frail the firll two winters. When the plants 

 are two years old, plant them out in fpring, in nurfery 

 rows, two feet afunder, to remain three or four years, or 

 till wanted for planting in the flirubbery, and other places. 

 But fome fow the feeds in pots, or boxes, in order to move 

 them to different fituations as the feafoii requires ; and 

 when the plants do not come up the fame year, the pots 

 may be plunged in a hot-bed in the following fpring, to 

 forward their rifing. 



In the latter, or layer method, the layers (hould be made 

 from the young (hoots of the preceding fummer, by flit- 

 laying, when molt of them will be rooted in the following 

 autumn, though, in a dry poor foil, they are fomctimes 

 two years before they are fufficiently rooted for being re- 

 moved to plant out. 



Thefe trees have great merit for ornamenting fhrubbery 

 plantations, in affemblage with others of fimilar growths, 

 being handfome, ftraight-growing trees, with fine heads, as 

 well as adapted for planting detached as fingle objefts, 

 in fpacious fliort grafs openings, in which they appear very 

 ornamental, perfuming the air all round in the fummer 

 months. They lucceed in any common foil and fituation, 

 and endure the fevereft cold without injury. They are 

 ufuallv kept in the nurferics for fa'e. 



LIQUIDATE an Aaion. See AcTiO!;. 



LIQUIDATION, the aft of reducing and afcertaining 

 either fome dubious difputable fum, or the refpeftive pre- 

 tenfions which two perfons may have to the fame fum. 



Liquidation, the termination or winding up of accounts, 

 fueh as paying or receiving debts, &c. 



LIQUIDITY, in Chemijhy, one of the three ftates of 

 bodies between the iolid and the aeriform ftate. The liquid 

 and elaftic ffates of bodies have the common denomination 

 of fluids, hence the word fluid cannot be ufed to exprefs 

 either of thefe llates particularly. Before the improvements 

 in modern chemiftry, the fame explanation was applied to 

 account for the properties of a liquid and an elattic fluid, 

 under the general appellation of fluid ; although bodies in 

 eacii of thefe forms are differently conilituteJ. 



Sir 



