L I Q_ 



Liquor Poiaffx. See Lixivium Saponarlum. 



Liquor Potiijfi SubcarboniUu. See Lixivium Tartan. 



Liquor, or Smoaiing Spirit of Libaniius, or Smoaiing 

 Miiriat of Tin, is a marine acid, cr fuper-oxydated muriat of 

 tin, very concentrated, fmoaking, and impregnated with 

 much tin. (See Tik.) It is made by well mixing an 



L I Q^ 



beft on a deep, loofe, rich mould ; and if it is freffi land that 

 has not for many years borne corn, the proiit will be the 

 greater, as the crop will be larger, and the roots of a finer 

 quality. A rich fandy foil, provided it is deep, will do 

 well for this plant ; and it muft always be remembered, that 

 too much moillure is its greatcft enemy : let no one, there- 



amalgam of four parts of tin, and live parts of mercury with fore, attempt to plant it on a damp clay, lell the whole crop 



an equal weight of corrofive fublimate, by triturating the be cankered. 



whole together in a glafs mortar, or it may be prepared Soils intended for liquorice nio\ild be trenched two or 



by melting, in an iron ladle, 5 oz. of pure tin, adding to it three fpades deep, if the depth of them will admit : then 



five drachms of mercury, itirrmg them together, and pouring having the fets ready, proceed to plant them byline and 



out the amalgam into a marble mortar ; and then putting 

 20 oz. of conofive mercurial muriat in fine powder, and 

 mixing the whole thoroughly. This mixture is to be put 

 into a glafs retort, which is to be placed in a reverberatory 

 furnace. To the retort is to be luted, with fat lute, a 

 receiver, with a fmall hole in it, in the fame manner as is 

 done for the dillillation of concentrated mineral acids ; the 

 diftillatioh is begun with a graduated and well managed fire ; 

 with an Argand lamp, or a fand-bath. A very fmoaking 

 liquor pafles into the receiver, and towards the end of tlie 

 dillillation a very thick and cvtn concrete matter. When 

 the operation is ilnilhed, the liquor in the receiver is to 



dibble, planting the fets a foot diftant in each row ; putting 

 them perpendicular into the ground, with the tops about an 

 inch under tlie furface, and let the rows be a foot and a half 

 afunder ; though fome fcarccly allow more than twelve 

 inches between row and row. A crop of onions is alfo 

 fometimes fown on the fame ground the firft year ; whiih, 

 as the roots of the onions are flender, and the ftems fpread 

 but little at top, may be done witho'it any detriment to the 

 liquorice or the onions, as the former feldom rifes above ten 

 or twelve inches high the firll I'ummer. Tk'? ground muft 

 be kept clean from weeds, during the fum.T.cr fcafon, by 

 hoeing ; and if there is a crop of onions, ihe fmall hoe Ihould 



be poured quickly into a cryllal glafs bottle, with a glafs be employed, cutting them out to four or five inches dif- 

 ftoppcr. When this bottle is opened, a white, copious, tancc, and clearing away all fuch as grow immediately clofe 

 thick, and poignant fume iffues, which remains long in the to the liquorice plants ; and when they are gathered, give 



air without difappearing. (Macquer's Chem. Dift.) Prouft 

 gives, as the beft proportions, 8 oz. of powder of tin (pro- 

 bably fuch as is made by melting the metal and fliaking it 

 iti a box), and 24 oz. of corrofive fublimate, which afford 

 g oz. of the fmoaking liquor. See Ether. 



Liquors, Slygian. See Stygian Liquors. 



Liquor.';, Ckartng of. See Clarification. 



the ground a thorough hoeing with a large hoe, to loofea 

 the furface, and deilroy all weeds effectually. In autumn, 

 cut down the decayed ilalks of the liquorice, and nothiaci- 

 more is neceffary till fpiing. But in February or March, a 

 flight digging ihould be given between the rows; ard, 

 during ipring and fummer, all weeds be kept down by 

 broad-hoeing ; and in autumn, when the ftalks are in a de- 



LIQUORICE, in Botany, Gardening, and the Materia caying ftate, they muft be again cut down to the furface of 



Medial. See Glvcyrrhiza. the earth, as has been juft oblerved. The fame manacrcment 



Liquorice, in jlgriculture, a plant of the long tap-rooted muft be repeated every fucceeding year; but after the firit 



kind, often cultivated for medicinal and other ufes in the or fecond year, the ftalks of the liquorice will ihoot ftrongly, 



field. It grows to about four or five feet in height ; its and foon cover the ground, fo as to retard the growth of. 



ftalks are hard and woody ; its leaves fmall and roundidi, weeds in a great degree. Likewife every autumn, about 



Handing together on the two fides of a rib, and making OAober, when the ftalks begin to decay, and they have 



what botanifts call a winged leaf. There are two fpecies of been cut down to the ground, as has been advifed before, 



this plant in cultivation, the fmooth padded and the prickly they fliould be wholly cleared away. It is remarked, that 



podded ; but they differ little, except in the feed-pods of the land cannot be made too fine, or dug too deep for liquorice ; 



latter being armed witli prickles. It is remarked that both that it fhould be at leaft moved vvitii the fpade to the depth 



thefe fpecies are very hardy perennials, bat that the firft is of two feet and a half; and if a little deeper, fo much the 



the fort commonly cultivated for ufe, its roots being fuller better. And that if the land on which the Uquonce fets are 



of juice, and iweete.- than the other. to be planted is frefh, ricli, and in good heart, it needs no 



It is chiefly grown for the root, which is perennial ; but manure for the firft crop ; but that if it has been for fonic 



the ftalks rife in fpring, and decay in autumn. years in tillage, the planter will do well to give it, in the 



It is a plant which deliglits in a deep light foil, in which fummer time, a good drefilng of very rotten dung, lime, 



its roots may run down three or four feet deep, and attain and coal-a(hes, or foot, mi.\ed together, fome months be- 



a large fize, efpecially when permitted to ftand three or four fore, into a compoft : the quiintity mtilt be regulated by 



years. From the main root fmaller ones generally run off the ftate of the land, always remembering that this plant 



horizontally; and from thefe horizontal roots, that run near requires a great deal of nouriftiment, and is a great im- 



the furface, cuttings for fets or young plants are taken fur poveriftier of the foil, though it extracts much of its nourifli- 



propagation, which are generally procured at the time when raent or food from a confiderable depth, 

 the liquorice is taken up for ule, which is in about three Cut in another mode, after the ground has been properly 



years after planting : but cuttings for planting may occa- prepared, apd reduced to a very fine tilth, and laid level, 



fionally be taken off before that period, if wanted. At the fome fets are to be procured. Thefe are directed to be 



time of planting, the cuttings fhould be divided into lengths planted in roKs, with dibbles armed with iron points, 



of fix or eight inches, each having one or more good buds or Some prefer rows at two feet afunder, patting the fets fif. 



eyes, being put into the ground at any time, in open weather, teen inches from each other, and three rows are planted on 



from October till March ; but from the middle of February a fix-feet bed ; they are allowed two feet more of interval 



till the middle of March is the beft feafon for this work : betwixt bed and bed. And in putting in fets with a dibble, 



and an open fituation is always the moft proper for a planta- the upper end of each fet is left juft level with the furface of 



tion of this kind. the ground : and when the whole fpot of ground is pbnted. 



It has been longr fince obfcrved, that tkis plant thrives labourers dig up the intervals one fuit deep, and fpread the 



vot. XXI. '^ '' "^ rj, ^ ^ y ^^^^ 



