L I R 



L I R 



James the Conqueror, king of Aragon, who fomewhat 

 changed its politioii. 



It is lituated between two little hills : it has a parifli 

 church, two chapels of eafe, two convents of Trinitarian 

 and Francifcan monks, and a population of about fix or feven 

 thoufand perfons. This town has tlie title of duchy. King 

 Philip V. gave it to marfhal Berwick, and his dcfcendants 

 ilill poffefs it. 



LIRIODENDRUM, in Botany, from Aifio;, or ?.Fif»o>, 

 a/i/y, and ht^pt, a tree ; the Tulip-tree. Linn. Gen. 278. 

 Schreb. 373. WiUd. Sp. PL v. 2. 1254. Mart. Mill. Did. 

 V. 3. Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 3. 329. JufT. 281. Lamarck 

 Illuftr. 4.gi. Michaux Boreal-Amer. v. i. 326. Gxrtn. 

 t. 178. — Clafs and order, Polyandria Polygynta. Nat. Ord. 

 Coadunaia, Linn. Magnolia, JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of three oblong, obtufe, 

 concave, fpreading, equal, petal-like, deciduous leaves. Cor. 

 bell-lhaped, regular, of fix oblong, obtule, equal petals, 

 concave at the bafe. Stam. Filaments numerous, inferted 

 into a conical receptacle, (horter than the corolla, linear ; 

 anthers terminal, longer than the filaments, but dill fliorter 

 than the corolla, linear, ereft, of two cells, burfting longi- 

 tudinally- at the outer fide. P'l/l. Germens numerous, dif- 

 pofed in the form of a cone ; ftyles none ; ftigmas all crowded 

 together, obtufe. Peric. Cafes numerous, imbricated in the 

 form of a cone, lanceolate, compreffed, leaf-hke, triangular 

 and tumid at the bafe, each of one cell, not buriling. Seeds 

 two, ovate. 



EfT. Ch. Calyx of three leaves. Petals fix. Anthers 



burfting outwardly, 

 the form of a cone. 

 I. L. tulipifera. 

 755. Curt. Mag. t. 



Seed-cafes lanceolate, imbricated in 



American Tulip-tree. Linn. Sp. PL 

 273. Sm. Inf. of Georgia, t. 102. (L. 

 foUis angulatis truacatis ; Trew Ehret, t. 10.) — Leaves 

 lobed, abrupt. — Native of hills in molt parts of North 

 America, where it is vulgarly called the Poplar. This fine 

 tree was cultivated by bifhop Compton, at Fulham, in 1688, 

 and is now not unfrequent in England, though feldom 

 flowering till an advanced age. We have however known it 

 bloom when about 16 years old. The firft which produced 

 bloffbms in this country, is faid to have been at the earl of 

 Peterborough's, at Parfon's green, near Fulham. There 

 were feveral, early celebrated for their fize aud beauty, at 

 Waltham Abbey, one of which remained lately, and per- 

 haps ftill flourifhes. 



June and July, Itanding folitary at the ends of the branchct 

 The young bark of this tree is very aromatic. 



2. L. Urtifera. Indian Tulip-tree. Linn. Sp. PL 755. 

 (Sampacca montana ; Rumph. Amboin. v. 2. 204. 

 t. 69.) — Leaves lanceolate. — Native of lofty mountains in 

 Amboyna. Linnsiis adopted this fpccies entirely from 

 Rumphius, led, as it feems, by his delineation of the fruit, 

 which indeed fomewhat refembles that of a Liriodendrum. 

 There is much in hjs defcription, as well as figure, that ac- 

 cords witii Alagnolia pumila, Andr. Rcpof. t. 226. Curt. 

 Mag. t. 977, a plant cultivated in various parts of the Eaft 

 Indies, as well as in China, but whofe native countrv-, like the 

 ftrufture of its fruit, is really unknown. M. Correa de Serra, 

 whofe botanical acutenefs is fo well known, has pointed out 

 to us what he conceives to be a certain criterion to diftin- 

 guilh a Liriodendron from a Magnolia, the cells of the anthers 

 opening at the inner fide in the latter, at the outer fide in 

 the former, which difference is confirmed by the total differ- 

 ence in their fruit. By this rule the pumila is a Magnolia; 

 but refpefting the fuppofed Liriodendrum liliifera, nothing 

 can be gueffed, except from its habit. We fufpect more- 

 over that the pumila, when its fruit is known, may exhi- 

 bit charafters m that part, fufficient to feparate it from 

 both thefe genera ; as may alfo be the cafe with M. fufcata. 

 Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 3. 331. .-\ndr. Repof. t. 229. Curt. 

 Mag. t. 1008, whofe anthers hkewife burll inwardly. 



What the L. liliifera of Loureiro, Cochinch. 346, mav be, 

 is very doubtful. He defcribes the anthers as opening by a 

 terminal pore. — Here then may be another diftintf o-enus. 

 The flowers are faid to be large, pale and fcentlefs. Seeds 

 imbricated in the form of a cone. He defcnbes two more, 

 which Willdenow has adopted from the German edition of 

 his book, as we guefs from the mifquotation of pages. Thefe 

 are named i,L. Figo, which has a fingled-leaved fpathace- 

 ous calyx, and a pale flower, dotted with red ; and 2, L. 

 Coco, which has a three-leaved calyx, and large, very white, 

 fweet flower. Both are cultivated at Macao and Canton. 

 The defcription of their fruits is hke that of the genus be- 

 fore us, but we much doubt their belonging really to it. 

 Nothing, in fliort, requires more inveSigation than the 

 genera of this tribe, becaufe fcientific botanitls had very httle 

 opportunity of feeing their whole fruftification. We would 

 recommend the confideration of their anthers and feed-veflels. 

 The calyx is perhaps of lefs importance, except for fpecific 

 diftinftions. 



Liriodendrum, in Gardening, comprifes a plant of the 

 Botanifts indicate two varieties in North America, one of hardy deciduous ornamental kind, of which the fpecies culti- 



which is figured in Plukenet's Phytographia, t. 68. f. 3, and 

 appears to differ from the common kind, reprefented in the 

 •plates we have quoted above, in having four flight lobes, in- 

 ftead of two great ones, at each fide of the leaf. We have 

 indeed obferved the leaves to have occafionally divided fide- 

 lobes, in our gardens ; but as there are faid to be differences 

 alfo in the colour and quality of the wood, it is much to be 

 fulpefted that thefe make in fact two fpecies. In fome trees 

 the wood is faid to be yellow, foft and brittle ; in others 

 white, heavy, tough and hard ; but no one has obferved 

 whether each particular variety has either form of leaf ap- 

 propriated to it, which would fettle the queftion. The re- 

 markable fhape of the leaves of the Tuhp-tree, cannot fail 

 to iirike the moil carelels obferver. They feem as if 

 cut off with fciflars at the end. The elliptical obtufe deci- 

 iuoasjiipulat, which curioufly enfold the young leaves, are 

 alfo remarkable. The f.otvers, though not glaring nor 

 fcented, are Angularly beautiful, refembling a fmall tulip, 

 variegated with green, yellow, and orange. They appear in 



vated is the common tuhptree, L. tulipifera. 



Method of Culture. — Plants of this kind may be railed by 

 fowiiig the feeds, imported annually from America by the 

 feed-dealers, in fpring, either in the full ground, in beds 

 of rich light earth, in a warm fituation, placing the feed 

 lengthwife, and covering it nearly an inch deep ; or in pots or 

 boxes, plunging tliem in a gentle hot-bed. When the 

 young plants appear they fliould be well fcreened from the 

 fun, and have free air. They ufually come up tlie fame fea- 

 fon ; when in the former method water fliould be given them 

 in dry weather ; and if tlie bed be arched over with hoops, 

 to have occafional fliade from the mid-day fun in fcorching 

 weather, it will be beneficial to the germination of the feeds 

 and growth of the young plants ; continuing the waterings 

 with care occafionally during the fummer ; and in winter, 

 flieltering them with mats in froily weather to preferve their 

 tops, which are fometi'.nes a little tender the firft year, and 

 apt to fuffer in this way. 



When ihe plants are two years old, they fhould be fet out 

 T2 in 



