L T R 



in fpring in nurfery rows, two feet diftant, and a foot afmider 

 in the rows; to remain a ftw years, till from three to fix 

 or eie;ht feet high, when they may be planted where they are 

 to remain. 



But they are raifed bcfl in the open ground, where the 

 beds are prepared of good mellow rich earth, blended with 

 old rotten cow-dung, fiftinjr over the feeds tine turf-mould, 

 mixed with fine fea or pit-fand. And tlu-y fucceed bell 

 afterwards in a light foil, not too dry. They fliould have 

 their roots and branches as little pruned as poflible. 



This is aplant that grows fo large as to become a tree o 

 the firft magnitude in its native fituation, and it is gene- 

 rally known by the title of poplar : of late there have 

 been great numbers raifed from feeds in this country, fo 

 that they are become common in the nurfeiies, and there 

 are many of the trees in difierent pans which annually pro- 

 duce flowers. 



At Allerton-hall, the feat of William Rofcoc, efq. there 

 is a very large tree of tliii kind which flowers well. 



Tkefe trees are highly ornamental in large plantations, 

 among others of fimilar growth, and have a fine effeft when 

 planted out fingly in large openings, kept in {hort grafs, in 

 plcafure grounds, or other fituations, when they flower in any 

 full manner. 



LIRIOPE, in Bo/any, a genus dedicated by Loureiro to 

 the mother of Narciffus ; a plant of the fame natural family 

 having been deftiiied to commemorate her fon. The blue 

 colour of the prefent flower is thought alfo, by this author, 

 to accord with the epithet Cjirula Lir'iope ; fee Ovid's Me- 

 tamorphofii, lib. j?. 342. — I.onreir. Cothmch. v. i. 200. — 

 Clafs and order, Hexandiia Monogytna. Nat. Ord. Spatha- 

 les, Linn. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Sheath ovate, incurved, Cngle-flowered, 

 fmall, permanent, of one leaf. Cor. inferior, bcll-fhaped, 

 fpreading, divided into fix deep, obibng, reflexcd, flelhy, 

 equal fegments. Stam. Filaments fix, awl-rtiaped, ereft, equal, 

 fhorter than the corolla, infertcd into the receptacle ; an- 

 ihcrs oblong, ereft. Pifl. Germen fuperior, roundilli; ftyle 

 thick, furrowed, reflexcd, as long as the ft^amens ; IHgma 

 Ample. Peric. Berry ovate, fmooth, flelhy, fingle-feeded. 

 Seed ovate. 



Eff. Ch. Corolla in fix deep fegments, inferior. Sheath 

 evate. Berry fingle-feeded. 



1. L. fpkata. Loureir. Taic lien of the Cochinchinefe, 

 Mac Ian of the Chirefe. — Found commonly both in rtide 

 and cultivated ground of thofe countries. Roots peren- 

 nial, oblone, fohd, brown bulbs, connefted by creeping 

 radicles. Stem none. Leaves numerous, crowded together, 

 fword-fhaped, ftiff, fmooth, nearly ereft, a foot long. 

 Flomicr-Jlaik naked, round, flender, llraight, about as long 

 as the leaves. Flowers fpiked, rather fmall, of a pale blue 

 colour, without fmell. 



The herb before us is faid to have a cooling quality, and 

 a decoflioji of its leaves is thiniglit to llrengthen the hair. 

 We know not what to make of Loureiro's defcription as to 

 referring it to any known plant. 



LIRIS, in Ancient Geography, a river of Italy, which an- 

 ciently bounded the territory of Latium towards the fouth. 

 This river, called alfo Clanis and Giants, and now Garigllano, 

 defoenJs from the country of the Marfi towards the Apen- 

 nines, or by the lake Fecinus, receives many dreams in its 

 flow progrefs fouthward, and at length lofes itfelf in the 

 bay of Cajeta or Gaeta. Towards its mouth, and at fome 

 diftance from a grove confecrated to the nymph Marica, the 

 river formed extenfive marflie.s. Pliny obferves that the 

 waters were there hot, whence SilJus Italicus gives to the 



L I S 



Liris the epithet fulplmrcous. It is related, that in the year of 

 Rome 660, MariuF, purfued by the faction of Sylla, con- 

 cealed himfelf in thefe marflies, with his body under water 

 and his head covered by rofes. The fame place ferved alfo 

 as an afyhim to Varus, one of the perfons j)rofcribed by tlie 

 triumvirate of Oftavius, Antony, and Lepidus. 



LIRIUM, \u Botany, Xufiv, of the Greeks, is fyiioni- 

 mous with Lilium, but Van Royen, in his Flor,e Leydenfu 

 Prodromus, retains it as the name of that genus, becaufe he 

 ufes L'dia for the appellation of the natural order ; and for 

 this meafure he is fomewhere commended by Linnxus, under 

 whofe infpeftion the book was written. Lirium is liowever 

 become entirely obfolete. 



LIS, in Geography, a lake of Ruffia, in the (government 

 of Tobol(l<, in the midfl. of an extenfive morafs. N. lat. 

 0;' j'. E. long. 99"' 14'. — Alfo, a river of the fame name, 

 which runs into the Enifei. N. lat. 62° 20'. E. long. 90* 

 14'. 



Lis, Fleur de. See Yl.OVi'Ef^-de-Luce. This flower was 

 not only borne in the ancient arms of France, but adopted 

 by our kings till the late union with Ireland. Theeleftoral 

 cap, as emblematic of Hanover, ai^d the fliamrock for Ire- 

 land, have been fubilituted for it. 



Ll.s, or Lt, an itinerary meafyre of China, equal to 1897'; 

 Enghfli feet : fo that \<)i\ lis meafure a mean degree of the 

 meridian nearly ; but European mifhonaries in China have 

 divided the degree into 200 lis, each h making 1826 Eng- 

 lifli feet. 



LISARA, m Geography, a town of European Turkey, 

 in the province of Albania ; 52 miles S S E. of Albafano. 

 LISBON, Olisipona or Olifbcna, the metropolis of 

 Portugal and royal refidence, fituated in the province of Ef- 

 tramadura, and forining a kind of crefcent or amphitheatre, 

 on the right bank of the Tajo or Tagus, on leveral hills. 

 The Portuguefe compuie the length of the city at two 

 leagues ; and the dillance from Bclem to the eallern extremity 

 is Hated by Link to be a full German mile, or about 4^ Eng- 

 lifh miles. The breadth of the town is very various, often 

 but fmall, and fometimes quite inconfiderable, not exceeding 

 one ilreet, but never much more than half a league. It 

 formerly contained feveral magnilicent churches, jo colleges 

 and convents, two elegant palaces, a caftle commanding the 

 town, and feveral handiome fquares. It was furrounded by 

 a lingle wall, on which were 77 antique towers of no great 

 ftrength. On the river fide it had 26 gates, and on the land 

 fide 17. The llreets were narrow and dirty, and fome o£ 

 them very tteep. The houfesof the citizens v.-ere generally 

 very mean, but thofe of the nobility and gentry were built 

 with ftone, and exhibited an elegant appearance. Such was 

 the flatc of this city before it was almoll totally deilroyed 

 by the earthquake, which happened Nov. j, A. D. 175;. 

 Since this cataflrophe it has been built on a regular plan. 

 The population is not eafily afcertained. According to the 

 decennial cenfus in the year 1790, the 40 parilTies of Liftion 

 contained 38,102 fire-places or hearths ; thefe include the liib- 

 burbs of junqueira and Alcantara, but not the villages of 

 Belcm and Campo-Grande, though thefe, particularly the 

 firft, are coi^ncftcd with the town, being within the boundary 

 of Lifljon. Including Belem, a market town Mhu:h com- 

 pletely joins Junqueira, the population may be ellimated, 

 accordiniT to Link, at above 300,000, exclufive of the mili- 

 tary. Lifljon is quite open on all fides, having neither walls 

 nor G;ates, nor even any fortifications, except a fmall caftle in 

 the middle of the town, and a number of batteries or fmall 

 forts on the river. The ground on which the city ftands is 

 very hilly, and, according to the Portuguefe writers, is fitu- 

 ated) 



