LISBON. 



ated, like ancient Rome, on feven liills, but it may be more there is not one particularly diftinguifhed, and a eonflant 

 properly regarded as (landing on thr<.c hills. The firft be.t;ins noife of little bells and bad' chimes renders them ftill more 

 at the bridge of Alcantara, formincr the proper vveftern limit impleafant. The patriarchal church is famous for the royal 

 ofthe to .vn, and extending to St. Beiiedict's ftreet. This hill fepulchrcs which it contains. This was conftructed in the 

 is the highell, and much celebrated for the falubrily ot its air. year 1706 by pope Clement XL, who granted to it achap- 

 At the weftern extremity it is but little cultivated, but farther ter. The patriarch has been generally a cardinal, and its 

 to the eailward up to its fummit, forming in that diredtion revenue is computed at 114,000/. Lifbon was erefted into 

 a plain, on which Itands the new monadery. In many parts a biihopric in the yth century, and when it was retaken 

 it is fo ileep, that it is laborious to walk along the ftreets, from the Moors by Don Alphonfo, the bifhopric was re- 

 and even the lower (Ireet, which runs along the river, has efhibliilied by pope Eugenius III.; and in the year i30oi» 

 confiderable declivities, and is much incommoded by torrents vvas ere<£led into an archbiihopric. The cathedral is a Gothic 

 occalioned by heavy falls of rain. Jn this part many hand- editice, dedicated to St. Vincent, who is faid to have fuf- 

 fome houfes are erecled, intermixed with thofe of a meaner fered martyrdom on the cape which bears the name, and it 

 fort, in Itreets that are irregular, ill paved, and often nar- is richly ornamented. The royal palace, which fronts the 

 row. Among thefe fcattered houfes are g;ardens and even Tagiis, is a large and magnificent edifice, and contains a 

 corn-fieUs. On this hill the late queen built a church and library colledled at a vaft expence by John V. There are fome 

 convent, to which (he was much attached. The church is other public buildings, which are conllrufted in a maTni- 

 handfome, but conitruded in a bad tnde, and overloaded ficent (lyle. Along the river to the E. of Li(bon there is 

 with ornaments. Not far from this church is the Protellant a fuccefHon of fmall houfes and villages. To tlie W. Belem 

 burial ground, which is planted wi;h cypre(res and Judas fo nearly joins Li(bon, that their refpfftive boundaries are 

 trees (cercis liiiquailrum). Beyond the libufes is a pleafant not eafily diftinguilhed : and the fuburb of Alcantara is only- 

 plain, called Campo de Ourique, feparated from the neigh- feparated by a bridge over a fmall brook which here falls into 

 bouring hills by deep va'lies, and ufed as a promenade by the Tagus. This fuburb is only feparated by an artificial 

 the lower and middling clalfes. The fecond hill is a conti- boundary from that of Junqueira, as the latter is from Be- 

 nuationof the (irll, from which it is feparated by a valley of lem, which is a confiderable market-town, where many 

 no great depth ; it' extends from St. JBunedicl-ilreet to the perfons of property and tradefpeople of the higher clalfes^ 

 valley in which are three new (Ireets built by Pombal. At have houfes. Formerly the royal family relided here, but 

 the foot of the cattern lide of this hill the earthquake did the caRle being buruf: they removed to Quelus. (See Be- 

 great damage, of which traces remain, and thus made way LE.M.) Befides the church of the monaftery of Hieronymites, 

 for the erection of feveral handfome houfes. On this eaftern which is in a Gothic but grand (lyle, there are in Belem two 

 declivity is the opera-houfe. Above the public promenade new built and very handfome churches. Near to one of 

 this hill rifestoa conllderable height, and is very Ileep to- thefe are the botanic garden and mufeum, and a royal 

 wards the next valley. This eminence affords a very fine garden with a menagerie and feveral aviaries. Beyond Be. 

 view; in the valley beneath appears the bell part of the town ; lem is a park of confiderable fize belonging to the prince, 

 to the left are olive -gardens interfperfed wilh many houfes, in which are olive-trees and broom ; and the'chace on th^N. 

 monalleries, and churches ; oppolite is the high (leep hill on of the river is appropriated to the prince, but that on the S. 

 which the caille (lands ; to the left the Tagus covered with is for the ufe of the public. To the N.W. appear the- 

 (hips. This hill is fucceeded by .an even valley of confider- mountains of Cintra, which lie N.E. and S.AV. The Ta- 

 able length and breadth, which forms the broadeft part of gus walhes the foundations of the houfes throu'i-liout Li(bon - 

 the town, which was entirely rebuilt after the earthquake of being towards the eallern part about two or three leagues 

 1755. On the bank of the river is a handfome fquare, broad; to the W. it becomes naiTower, and as far as its 

 formerly the terrace or parade of the royal palace, 6io feet mouth it is only about a league broad. The river is often 

 by ,-50. The quay, and the groups of people where the covered with (liips, and large men of war may he oppoijte 

 fli'ips and boats,are landing and taking in their cargoes, excite to the towm. The fcene is interefting ; and the market- 

 attention. The eall fide is formed by a large building with town called Almada, with its church on the fummit of 

 an arcade, terminating in a pavilion, wliich is ufed as an ex- the hiil, and the Englidi hofpUal at the foot of it, enlivens 

 change. Oppofite to it is a fimilar building without a pavi- the piclure. The fide of Lilbon towards the country confills 

 ■ lion. In the centre of this fquare, the avenues of which are entirely of hills, from which are feen only the highelt 

 unfinidied, is an equedrian llatue of Don Jofeph in bronze, edifices of tiietown, and the traveller arrives fuddenly in the 

 on a pededal of (lone adorned with various fymbols. The city before he k aware of it. The adjacent country, par- 

 three principal llreets rebuilt fince the earthquake, are ticularly on the N. and E. fides, to a confiderable dillance, 

 formed by large buildings of confiderable elevation and good is covered with large gardens furrounded with hio-h walls, 

 appearance. The line that divides Eall and Wed Lilbon, Thefe gardens are called in Portuguel'e " quintas," and they 

 which is an ecclefiadical diilindion (the former belonging to generally contain plantations of orancre and olive-trees, and 

 the bidiop of Lilbon and the latter to the patriarchate) pades fometimes corn-fields and even vineyards. Beyond the 

 through thi^ part of the town. Near this fpot is the great wedern part of Lirtjon the country prefents naked and Vocky 

 palacc of the Ir.quifition. Another fmall fquare not far dif- hills; but fome of thefe are luxuriantly fertile. The hills, 

 tant is ul'ed as a promenade, and forms a garden, with feveral indeed, form the meadows of Li(bon. The foil round tha 

 avenues of various kinds of trees and hedges. Behind this city confills of lime-llone and bal'alt. Clofe to the N. fide 

 garden are the p'ay-hoafe and the fquare uled for bull-fights : of the town is the famous aqueduct, conltruifted of a kind 

 and at a fmall diltance are marketplaces. The third hill of white marble, and completed in 1738. It ferves to con- 

 begins with an eminence, on which is the cadle of Lilbon, vey water from feveral fprings fituated at a didance of three 

 from which it continues, with fome interruption of plains, to leagues, near the village of Bellas, being in tome parts con- 

 the eadern extremity of tlie town. The caltle is a fmall fort, dueled under ground. Near the town it paffes over a deep 

 Tills part of the town confills of narrow, irregular, iil-paved valley, and reds on feveral bold arches, the targell of which, 

 ftreets, in which occur a few neat houfes. The buildings is 2jo feet 10 inches French high, and 107 feet eight 

 are conllruded oj» bad models ; and even amoag^he churches inches brcxtd. Its poiated arche* feem ckiDged, when 



viewed 



