LI V 



L I V 



"On the other hand, the tuberculated ftate of the liver is 

 ■perhaps always beyond the power of mercury to alleviate, 

 and often it would feem even aggravated by its exhibition. 

 Medicine may contribute greatly to relieve diftrcfling fymp- 

 toms, in fiich caies, but cannot be expefted to change the 

 jnorbid (Iructure. Flatulence, pains in the fides, ilomach, 

 and belly, indigcftion, Sec. may be greatly diminiflied by 

 laxatives, abforbents, gentle tonics, and occalional autifpal- 

 modics ; ar.d the digeltion may be favoured by the choice of 

 light diet, taken in moderate quantities. But it cannot be 

 expeflcd that the fyllcm fhall be put under the iiimulus of 

 a mercurial courfc with impunity, much lefa with advantage 

 under fuch circumllanccs. 



LiVEU, Infarakns of the. See Hepatitis Infarala. 



Liver, in Antlquhy, was mucii ufed in divination. See 

 Hepatoscopia. 



Liver of Antimony, in Cbcmtflry, refults fi-om the deto- 

 nation of antimony with an equal weight of nitre. Thefe 

 two matters reduced into powder are to be mixed together, 

 and put into a large crucible. The cnafs is then to be kin- 

 dled, and the detonation to be made. When it has detonated 

 it is to be kept in fulion, and then cooled. When the 

 crucible is broken, at tiie bottom two diiltndl matters are 

 found, which may be feparated from each other by the llroke 

 of a hammer. The upper matter is afaline fcoria, nearly of 

 the fame nature as the fcoria of the regulUs of antimony. 

 This is a true antimonial liver of fulphur, mixed with a cer- 

 tain quantity of vitriolated tartar. The lower matter is hea- 

 vier. It is opaque, compaft, red, and brittle. This is the 

 liver of ancimony. Its colour and appearances have been 

 fuppofed fimilarto thofe of the livers of animals, whence its 

 name. It is principally coiupofed of the metallic part of 

 antimony, half deprived of its fulphur, and dephlogifticated 

 by nitre. This fubftance is of no ufe in chemiftry, nor in 

 medicine, fince the kermes mineral and emetic tartar have 

 been introduced. Macquer's Chem. Dift. See Anti- 

 410 NY. 



Liver of Arfen'ic, is a combination of white arfenic with 

 iiquid fixed vegetable alkali, or by the humid way. Tiie 

 operation for making liver of arfcEiic is eafy and fimple : 

 to ftrong and concentrated liquid fixed alkali, previoufly 

 heated, fijie powder of white arfenic muflbe added, till the 

 alkali is laturated, or has loft its alkaline properties. While 

 the alkali diflblves the arfenic, it acquires a brownifh colour, 

 "and a fingularly difagreeable fmell ; and the mixture gradually 

 thickens into a gluey confidence. Chem. Diet. See 

 Arsenic. 



Liver of Su/jiLurh the combination of fulphur with al- 

 kaline matters : and this combination may be made either in 

 the dry or humid way. In the dry way, or by ful'ion, a 

 mixture of equal parts of fixed alkali and fulphur is put 

 into a crucible, and quickly fufed. The melted mafs is then 

 poured on a greafed llone, and then tlie hvt-r of fulphur 

 congeals and acquires a brown colour. If it be required to 

 be kept dry, it mull be foon broken to pieces, and put, 

 while it is hot, in a bottle well corked, becaufe it readily 

 imbibes moifture from the air. In the huniid way, which 

 is lefs common, concentrated liquid fixed alkali, and fine 

 powder of fulphur, are to be boiled together, till the alkali 

 has diffolved as much as it can : the liquor is then to be fil- 

 trated and evaporated. 



Liver of fulphur is an important combination in che- 

 millry, becaufe it is in general a very powerful folvent of me- 

 tallic matters ; to all uiuch, excepting zinc, it attaches', par- 

 ticularly in fufion. It fecms to dilfolve gold more effectually 

 than other metals. It dilfolves alfo vegetable coals even by 

 the bumid way : and the folution is of a green colour. Par- 



ticular kinds of livers of fulphur may be formed by the 

 combination of volatile alkali, of quick-lime, or of abforb-. 

 ent earths, all which attack fulphur more or lefs. Chem. 

 Did. See Sulphur. 



M. Navier has lately difcovered, that the liver of fulphur, 

 and particularly of liver of fulphur of Mars, hath the mod 

 falutary eflefls as an antiilote againfl arfenic, eoirofive 

 fublimate, verdigris, and lead. Nav. Contre Poifons de 

 I'Arfenic, &c. 1777- See Lead. 



hiVEn-Jlone See Lapis ffepatkus. 



L.1V Ell-wort, in Botany. See LiCHEN". 



L.iVER-'U'ort, Noble, Hepat'tca, a fpecies of the anemone, 



LIVERMORE, in Geography, a town of America, in 

 Cumberland county, Maine, htuated on both fides of Aii- 

 drofcoggin river; 19 miles N.W. of Hallowell, and contain- 

 ing S63 inhabitants. 



LIVERNON, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Lot, and chief place of a cairton, in the dillrift of 

 Figeac ; eight miles W.N.W. of Figeac. The place con- 

 tains 713, and the canton 7786 inhabitants, on a territory 

 of 285 kiliometres, in 17 communes. 



LIVERPOOL, a market town, borough, and fea-port, 

 in the county palatine of Lancii Her, England. It is placecf 

 on the eaftern bank of the river Merley, which flows into 

 the Irifli fea, not far north of 'Liverpool. The population 

 of this town, according to the parliamentary returns of 

 1800, amounted to 77,653 perfons, who occupied 11,44^ 

 houfes. 



The etymology of the word Liverpool is much involved 

 in obfcurity, tiiough many ingenious antiquaries have en- 

 deavoured to afcertain it. The moft general opinion is, 

 that it owes its origin to a fpecies of bird called the lever, 

 great flocks of which are faid to have frequented a pool in 

 this neighbourhood, during their wanderings from their na- 

 tive climes. Accordingly a bird has, from time immemorial, 

 been the impreflion on the corporation fcal. The early 

 hillory of this town is equally as unknown as the derivation 

 of its name. Fortunately, however, the deficiency of rcr 

 cords concerning it cannot be felt as a great lofs, as there 

 feems little reafon to fuppofe it was of any importance, 

 either commercially or politically, previous to the com. 

 mejiccment of the iafl century ; hence it ;nay be called 3 

 modern town. 



" Yet fcarce an hundred annual rounds have run. 

 Since firft the fabric of this power begun ; 

 His noble waves inglorious, Merfey roll'd. 

 Nor felt his waves by labouring art control'tL 

 Along his fides a few fmall cots were fpread. 

 His finny brood their humble tenants fed." 



MountPlcafant, a poem by Rofcoe. 



To the aftive, pcrfevcring, and hberal conduft of tlie 

 author of thefe liiie.s, I..iverpool is materially indebted for 

 its prefent increafe of buildings, commerce, &c. and it 

 would have reflefled credit on the free burgefles of the 

 town, had they continued to eleft him their member. 



In the Conqueror's furvev, it is llated, that all the land 

 between the rivers Ribble and Mcrfcy belonged to Roger 

 de Poitliers ; but there is no mention either cf a town or 

 village. Hence it may be veafonably fuppofed none extfted 

 at this time. A caftlo, however, i.'! noticed by Camden, as 

 having been built ihorlly after the conqueft, the command 

 of whicli was bellowed on Vivian de Molyneaux, a French- 

 man, in vvhofe family it continued till the ^oth year of the 

 reign of queen Eli'zabeth. 



Neither hiilory nor tradition determine any thing certain, 



citliKr conceraing its founder or the period of its ereftion. 



C c a The 



