L I V 



the purport of the deed. If there be a hotife or building 

 on the land, the ceremony is to be done at the door of •:, 

 none beipg then left within ; and the ring or latch of the 

 door is delivered to the feoffee, who enters alone, (Tints the 

 door, and prcfently- opens it again. If it be a houfe without 

 knd or ground, the livery is made, and poffeffiou given, by 

 delivery of t!ie ring or latch of the door and deed only ; 

 and where it is without deed either of lands or tenements, 

 there the party declares by word of mouth, before witnefles, 

 the ettate he parts with ; and then delivers feifin, or poflef- 

 iion, as aforefaid : in which cafe the land pafles as well aS by 

 deed, by virtue of the livery of feifiH. Co. Litt. 48. Well 

 Symb. 2 J I. 



If the conveyance or feoffment be of divers lands, fcat- 

 tered in one and the fame county, livery of feifin of any 

 parcel in the name of the reft, fuflicetii for all (Litt. j 414-) ; 

 but if they be in feveral counties, there mull be as many 

 liveries as there are counties. If the lan4s be out on leafe, 

 though all lie in the fame county, there muil be as many 

 liveries as there are tenants. (Dyer 18.) In all thefc cafes 

 it is prudent to endorfe the livery of feifm on the back of 

 the deed, fpecifying tlie manner, time, and place of making 

 it, together with the names of the witnefTes. Livery in laiu 

 is where the fame is not made on the land, but only hi fight 

 of it ; the feoffor faying to the feoffee, " I give you yonder 

 land, enter and take pofreffion." However, this livery in 

 law cannot be given or received by attorney, but only by 

 the parties themfelves. Co. Litt. 48. 52. 



Anciently, there were a pair of gloves, a ring, knife, 

 an ear of wheat, S:c. dehvcred in fign of livery and feifin. 



LIVERYMEN vf London, are a number of perfons 

 chofen out of the freemen of each company. (See Compaky.) 

 Out of this body the common-council, (herifTs, aldermen, 

 and other officers for the government of the city are 

 elefled ;- and they only have the privilege of giving their 

 votes in common-hail for members of parliament, &c. from 

 • which the rell of the citizens are excluded. If any one of 

 the company refufe to become a livei vman, he may be fined, 

 and an aclion of debt will lie for the fum. 



LlVERYiMEN, in N'litiiral Hi/lory, a name given by authors 

 to a fort of caterpillars, remarkable for their variety of 

 colours. Thefe are of that clafs of caterpillars whi'^h live 

 in communities, and build themfelves nefts to defend them 

 from the injuries of the weather. They may be ranked 

 among the procefiionary kinds, always following one another 

 with great order in their marches ; but what is moll furprif- 

 ing, is to fee them ftraggle very far from their nells, and this 

 often, by feveral repeated windings and turnings, witliout 

 lofing their way. Their art, in doing this, deferves notice, 

 acd IS the fame by which Thefeus got, out of the labyrinth of 

 Crete. PhiL Tranf. N" 470. p. 459. 



LIVIA DuusiLLA, in Biography, a celebrated Roman 

 ledy, daughter of Li\-iu5 Drufus Calidianus, who joined the 

 party of Brutus and CafTuis, and killed himfelf after the 

 battle of Philippi. She married Tiberius Clandius Nero, by 

 whom fhe had two fons, Drufus and the emperor Tiberius. 

 The attachment of herhiifband to tiie caule of Antony was 

 the beginning of her greatrefs. Odavianus, afterwards the 

 emperor Auguflus, law her as fhe fled from the danger which 

 threatened her hufband, and refolved to marry her, thsiigh 

 fhe was then pregnant. He accordingly divorced his wife 

 Scribonia, and with the approbation of the augurs he cele- 

 brated his nuptials with Livia. She from tliis moment en- 

 joyed the entire confidence of the emperor, and was in fa A the 

 partner of his whole reign, enjoyi; g a large faare of his 

 power and imperial dignity. She gained a complete afcend- 

 ■ ancy over the mind of Auguflus b) a conltant obedisnce to 



,L I V 



his will : by nerer expreffing a defire to dive into liis fecrets, 

 and by affecling ignorance of his amours. Her cluldren by 

 Druius were adopted as his own by the complying emperor; 

 and that (he might make the fucccifion of her fon. Tiberius, 

 Drufus bemg dead, more eafy and undifputed, Livia has 

 been acciifed of fecretly involving, in one common ruin, th? 

 heirs and nearell relations of A^ugnftus. There are fadls 

 adduced which feem to render the fufpicions of her bafenef* 

 and cruelty wholly without fojndation. She has been 

 charged with adminiileriiig poifan to her hufband, which is 

 rendered exceedingly improbable by the account we have of 

 his lallillnefs, and by the tendernefs he exprefl'ed for her in 

 the laft words he uttered. By his will fhe was inllituted co- 

 heirefs with Tiberius, adopted as a daughter, and directed 

 to affume the name of Julia Augulla. On his deification 

 file became the prieilefs of the new god. Tiberius, whofe 

 elevation had been the objeft of her policy, difappointed her 

 expectation of fharing with him ihe imperial power. He 

 took pains indeed to fubjetl her to various mortifications ; 

 and at length there was an open rupture between them. She 

 died in the yesr 29. 



Tiberius negleded her funeral, and would not permit public 

 or private honours to be paid to her memory. Tacitus has 

 drawn her characfter, faying, that " in ilriitnefs of conduift. 

 file was not inferior to the Ro'i.an matrons of old, though 

 her demeanour was freer than they would have approved ; 

 that fhe was an imperious mother, a compliant wife, and a 

 match for her hufband in art, and he'r fon. in dilarau- 

 lation." 



Livia, in Ornithology, a name given by fome authors to a 

 particular fpecics of pigeon called />f/<.-fl^ by the Greeks. It . 

 IS very like the common pigeon in ihape, but is fomewhat 

 fmaller, its legs are red, and its beak white, except that it . 

 is a little purplifli about the nolirils. 



It is all over grey, but that the endof its tail-feathers are 

 bljck, and there is a purphfh and greenifli variegation about 

 the fides and fhoulders. And its wing-feathers have fome 

 white variegations, as has alfo the lower part of the neck. 

 It is fuppof';-d by Mr. Ray, and lome others, to be the fame 

 with the falforolla of the Italians, or coJumba ruptcoJa. See 



COLUAfBA. 



I.IVINEIUS, John, in Biography, a learned Flemift . 

 divine, was born at Denderniond abo;:t the year i '4c.. Be>- 

 ing intended for the dluirch, he purfued his academical fludics 

 at Cologne, entered into holy orders, and .waS' in a fliorl 

 time prefented to a rich benefice at Liege. . He was after- 

 wards promoted to a canonry. and appointed prece-.tor in 

 the cathedral church of that city. . He engaged in the fu- 

 perintLiidance cf the edition of .P-'antin's Greek bible, and 

 tranflated into Latin ion-.e of the works of the Greek 

 fathers, and was about giving to the public all the works of 

 St Gregory of Nyfleii, wlien he was cut off by death in 

 15:99. He publifhed " Emeiidationes et Noti in XII. 

 Panegyricos Veteres," and other learned works : and left 

 behind him in MS. tranJlatious of the tragedies of Euripides, 

 and of the works of Athcnacus. Gen.Biog. 



J^IVINETHAL, m Geography. See Levaxtixe 



yr II ^ i ^ 



y alley. 



LIVINGSTON, a cou;;ty of Keii'ueky, in America, . 



boundc-d N. by the Ohio, W. by the MiflLilippi, and.S. by 



Teneffee ; 70. miles long and 60 broad. Tiie principal 



rivers are the Cumberland and Tenefl'ee. It contains 2787 ■ 



inhabitant;-, of whom 444 are Haves. Alfo, a large town- 



fhip in Columbia county. New York, extending from the 



E bank of Hudfon river to the Maifachufctts line. S. of 



Hudfon adjoining. It conuins 7405 inhabitants, of whom 



213 are ilavcs... 



LIVIS. - 



