LOCK. 



itative nor air, but partaking of bolli, with a change of the Romifh communion afterwards, and became organift t« 

 *■ *" ' -- ' '^ '^ ' - ' ' ' queen Catherine of Portugal, the confort of Charles II. 



and died a Papift in 1G77. 



Lock, a well-known inftrument for fecuring doors and 

 preventing them from being opened, except by means of 

 thekey adapted to it. A common lock confills of a ftrong 

 bolt, which mufl: be fitted in a proper box or cafe affixed 

 to the door, and inclofing it on all fides, to defend it from 

 violence, that it cannot be withdrawn, except by the appli- 

 cation of the key, which fliould cuter the lock'by a fmall 

 key-hole, and be furrounded by numerous wardi, that occa- 

 age caft which is admirably fuited fion the paflage the key paifes through, in turning round to 

 that are fiippofed to perform it. move the bolt, to be very crooked and intricate, and thus 



' " preventing the introduclion of any inftrument or falfe key 



to withdraw the bolt. The third part of the lock is the 

 tumbler, which is a catch or click holding the bolt from 

 being withdrawn, except the tumbler is firll removed by the 

 key, which is done at the fame time it (hoots the bolt. This 

 common lock cannot be made perfectly fecure from being 

 degrees. No other inllruments are mentioned in the fcore of picked or opened without the right key, from the circum- 

 his opera of Pfyche, than wolins for the ritornels ; and yet, llance that the wards, though they may be varioufly difpofed, 

 fo flow was the progrefs of that inftrument during the laft fo as to require a very crooked key, muft be always left fixed 

 century, that in a general catalogue of mufic in 1701, fcarce in the lock, and their figure may be taken by introducino- 

 any compofitions appear to have been printed for its ufe. a fmall falfe key, covered with wax or other plaftic fub- 



This mufician was of fo irafcible a difpofiticn, that he ftance, and receiving the imprellion of the wards, from which 



meafure as frequent as in any old French opera which we 

 ever faw. 



Lock had genius and abilities in harmony fufficient to 

 have furpafted his model, or to have caft his movements in a 

 mould of his OA-n making ; but fuch was the paffion of 

 Charles II. and confequently of his court at this time, for 

 every thing French, that in all probability I,ock was in- 

 ftructed to imitate Cambert and Lulli. His mufic for the 

 witches in Macbeth, which, when produced in 1674, was 

 as fmooth and airy as any of the time, has now obtained, 

 by age, that wild and fava 

 to the infernal cha rafters 



In the third introduftorv mufic to the Tempeft, which is 

 called a curtain tum, probably from the curtain being firfl 

 drawn up during the performance of this fpecies of overture, 

 he has, for the firll time that is come to our knowledge, 

 introduced the ufe of crefcendo (louder by degrees,) with 

 diminuendo, and knliindo, under the words foft and Jlow by 



feems never to have been without a quarrel or two on his 

 hands. For his furious attack on Salmon, for propofing to 

 reduce all the clefs in mufic to one, (fee Salmon and 

 Clef,) he had a quarrel with the gentlemen of the Chapel 

 Royal, early in Charles II. 's reign. Being compofer in 

 ordinary to the king, he produced for the Chapel Royal a 



information a falfe or (Iveleton key may be made, that will 

 enter the lock and withdraw the boh ; or, if it will only raile 

 up the tumbler, the bolt may fometimes be forced back by 

 other means. Another reafon of the infufficiency of the 

 common lock is, that the variations capable of beino- made 

 in the arrangement of the wards are not fufficient to pro- 



morning fervice, in which he fet the prayer after each of duce the required number of locks without having great 



the ten commandments, to different mufic from that to numbers exaSly alike, and their keys capable of openino- 



which the fingers had been long accuftomed, which was each other reciprocally ; from wMch circumftance thev be- 



deemed an unpardonable innovation, and on the firft day of come but an imperfeft fecurity, as any ill-difpofed perfon 



April 1666, at the performance of it before the king, there may, by furnifhing himfelf with a great variety of old keys, 



was a dillurbance and an obilruction for fome time to the *■" - "^ ' ' ■ 1 ,1 . . ... 



performance. To convince the public that it was not from 

 the meannefs or inaccuracy of the compofition, that this 



impediment to its performance happened. Lock thouglit 

 it neceifary to print the whole fervice ; and it came abroad, 

 in fcore, on a fingle (heet, with a long and laboured vindi- 



be enabled to open almoll any common lock; particularly 

 if thefe keys are filed away to flcelctons, that is, leavin"- as 

 little as poffible of the folid part of the key, which \\'\\\ 

 then have a greater chance of palling in between the intri- 

 cate wards. 



To produce a lock which would be free from tiiefe objec- 



cation, by way of preface, under the following title ; tions has been the ttudy of many ingenious mechanics, whofe 



Modern church- mufick pre-accufed, cenfured and ob 

 ftructed in its performance before his majefty." 



Lock was long fufpefted of being a Roman Catholic, 

 and it is probable that this new fervice, by leaning a little 

 more towards the mafs, than the fervice of the Proteftant 

 cathedral, may have given offence to fome zealous members 

 of the church of England. 



The public were indebted to Lock for the firft rules that 

 were ever publilhed in England, for a bajfo cor.tinuo, or tho- 

 rough-bafe ; thefe rules he gave to the world, in a book 

 entitled " Melothefia," London, oblong 4to. 1673. ^^ '^ 



various locks have difl^erent properties and advantages. We 

 have devoted Plate XXI. M'lJ'ceUany, to the explanation of 

 two capital locks, one by Mr. Thomas Rowntree, which is 

 an improvement upon the common tumbler-lock, and an- 

 other by Mr. Jofeph Bramah, which is on an entirely dif- 

 ferent principle. 



Mr. Rowntree's lock is reprefcnted \njlgs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 ; 

 in thefe the following parts are tiiofe of the common lock : 

 A A is the plate which inclofes the whole mechanifm, and 

 faftens it to the door ; B B, fg. 6, is the bolt, which is 

 guided in its motion by fiiduig under two bridges C, D, 



dedicated to Roger I'Ellrdnge, efq. afterwards fir Roger fcrewed to the main plate ; E, E, are four pillars which fup 



PEilrar.'ge, an ingenious man, a good mufician, and an en- port a plate to cover the works ; this plate has the key^iole 



"^ Tors. It contains, befides the tho- in it ; F, Sec. are the circular wards funounding the centre pin j 



lefTons for the harpfichord and organ and a, Jig. 6, is the key which, in turning round, acts in a 



I 



courager of its profefR 

 roigh-bafe rules, fome 



by Lock himfelf, and others. He was au'hor likewife of 

 feveral fongs printed in " The Trcafury of Mufic," " The 

 Theatre of Mufic," and other collciitlons of fongs. In the 

 latter of thefe is a dialogue. "When death fliall part us from 

 thefe kids," which, with Dr. Blow's " Go, perjured man," 

 was ranked among the beft vocal compofitions of the time. 



It is prcfumed, that when he was appointed compofer in 

 ordinary to tho king, he was profcflionally a inem!)er of the 

 church of England j but it is certain that he went over to 



notch r in the bolt, and (hoots it forv.-ards or backwards ; 

 G is the tumbler : it is a plate fituatcd beneath the bolt and 

 moving on a centre pin at d. See ^\{ofg. 8, which is a fepa- 

 rate view of the tumbler ; it has a catch e projeding upwards 

 from it, which enters the notches_/"or ^r, jig. 6, in the bolt, 

 and thus firmly retains the bolt ; the foru^er when it is 

 locked, and the latter when it is drawn back. H is a fpriug 

 which preffes the tumbler forwards ; the key a, in turn- 

 ing round, ads lirft againil Uie part c c of the tumbler, and 



raifes 



