i: o c 



LOG 



cave of Uicm, and to afTift the boatmen in paffing through 

 them. 



\jOV\i-paddks are the fmall fluiccs that ferve to fill and 

 empty the locks. 



LorK-/7/tare the angu'ar pieces of timber, {h,h, Plate V. 

 Canals, Jh' c;6.) at the bottom of the lock, agaiiiil which 

 the gates (hut. 

 f LoCK-TOiirj, or Pnifdle-nve'irs, are the ovcr-falls behind the 



upper gates, (s, s, Plate V. Jig. jj.) by which the waftc- 

 water of the upper pound is let down through the paddle- 

 holes into tlie chamber of the lock. 



I'o Lock, in Fencing, is to fcize your adverfary's fword- 

 arm, by twining yoiu- left arm round it, after you clofe your 

 parade, fhell to flicll, in order to difarmhim. 



LOCKARTSBURG, in GVo^ra/Ajs a town of America, 

 in Luzerne countv, Pcnnfylvania, lituated on an ifthmuf, 

 formed by the confluence of the Sufquehanna and Tioga 

 rivers, about a mile above their junftion. 



I^OCKE, Joiix, in Biography, one of the greateft phiv 

 lofophers and nioll powerful writers that ever adorned this 

 country, was born at Wrington, in Somerfetfhire, on the 

 29th of Auguft T632. His father was a gentleman oi ftridt 

 probity and economy, and he poHcfled a handfome fortune. 

 He took great pains in the education of his fon ; and, when 

 he was of a proper age, fent him to Wdhninftcr fchool, 

 where lie continued till the year 1 6^1, when he was entered 

 a (Indent of Chrill-eliurch college, in the univerfity of Ox- 

 ford. Here he was dlllinguilhed above all his contem- 

 poraries, and was confidered to be the mofl ingenious young 

 man in the college. It appears, however, that he was dil- 

 guiled with the method of Ihuly prefcrib^d to him, which 

 was after the manner of the Peripatetics ; and it is faid, that 

 the books which firft gave him a relidi for the ftudy of plii- 

 Jofophy were thofe written by Des Cartes. Having taken 

 his degrees in arts in 1655 and 1658, Mr. Locke for fome 

 time clofcly applied him(elf to the ihidy of phyfic; and it is 

 certain that, for a (liort time, he followed it as a profelTion. 

 In the year 1664 he accepted an offer to go abroad, as fe- 

 cretary to (ir William Swan, envoy from Charles II. to the 

 eleftor of Brandenburgh ; but returning to England again 

 v.ithin lefs than a year, he refumed his ftudies at Oxford 

 with renewed vigour, applying lumfclf particularly to na- 

 tural philofopny. In 1660 he was accidentally introduced 

 to the acquaintance of lord Aililey, afterwards carl of 

 Shaftelbary, in the capacity of a medical practitioner, during 

 the abfer.ce of tlie phyfician who regularly attended his lord- 

 fhip. When the noble lord left Oxford to go to Sunning 

 Hill, he made Mr. Locke promife him a yiCt there, which 

 promife he performed in 1667. Having fecured him as an 

 inmate, lord Adiley fulTered himfelf to be governed entirely 

 by his advii.e, and became fo much attached to him, that he 

 ■would not fuffer him to praclife medicine out of his own 

 family, except in the cafe of fome particular friends ; and 

 perceiving that the great abilities of Mr. Locke were cal- 

 culated to render him eminently ferviceable to the world in 

 other departments of knowledge, urged him to apply his 

 {Tud'.es to tlate affairs and political fubjefts. To theic Mr. 

 Locke was naturally inclined, and fiicceeded fo well, that 

 lord A(hley began to confuh him on all occafions. He was 

 nov,; introduced to the fociety of fome of the mod eminent 

 men of the age, who were all delighted with li's converfation. 

 In the year 166S, Mr. Locke accompanied the earl and 

 counte'^s of Northumberland in a tour to France, and re- 

 inamed in that country with the lady, vvliile his lordfliip fet 

 off to Italy, with an intention of vifiting Rome. This 

 nobhman, however, died on his iournc)', and Mr. Locke 

 accompanied the countefs to England, and again took up 



his refidence at lord Afhley's. His lordihip, at that period 

 chancellor of the excheijuer, having, in coiijimttion with 

 or\\CT noble lords, obtained a grant of Carolina in North 

 America, employed Mr. Locke to draw up a conilitution 

 for that province. In executing this tall<, he had formed 

 articles relative to religion and public worHiip on thole en- 

 larged principles of toleration, which were agreeable to his 

 own enlightened views upon that fubjed. Thederjy, how- 

 ever, ]■ aluus of a diminution of their powers, caufed an ad- 

 ditional claufe to be inferted, iccuring the countenance and 

 fuj^pcrt of the flate only to the excrcife of religion according 

 to the diicipline of the eftabliOied church. Mr. Locke, 

 notwithllanding kia connection with lord Alhlcy, made fre- 

 quent vifits to Oxford, though he was at the fame time en- 

 gaged to infpeft the education of his lorddiip's elded iou, 

 an office which he executed with the greateft care, and to 

 the entire fatisfaftion of his employer. To Mr. Locke, 

 likewife, was conlided the important charge of felefting a 

 wife for the young man. This was a taflc of great difficulty, 

 as the father determined he fhould only marry a lady of 

 good family, of an agreeable temper, a fine perfun, and, 

 above all, of goad education and excellent underllanding. 

 Notwithdanding the difficulties attending fucli a commiffion, 

 Mr. Locke undertook it, and executed it to the perfect 

 fa-tisfaftion of all parties. The eldell fon by this marriage, 

 afierwards the author of the " Charactiriliics," was com- 

 mitted to the care of Mr. Locke in his education, and gave 

 evidence to the world of the mafter-hand which had directed 

 and guided his genius. In 1670 Mr. Locke began to form 

 the plan of his " Effiiy on Human Underllanding ;" but 

 he was too much engaged by his patron to make much pro- 

 grefs in the work. In 1672, lord Adiley was created earl 

 of Shaftefbury, and appointed to the high dignity of lord 

 high chancellor of England. His lorddiip immediately 

 made him his fecretary of the prefentations ; but he held 

 that place only till the end of the following year, when the 

 earl was obhged to reilgn the great feal. After this, lord 

 Shafteiljury was prefident of the board of trade, and Mr. 

 I>ocke was appointed fecretary to the fame. The comniil- 

 fion being diffolved in 1674, he was again at Icifure, was 

 admitted to the degree of bachelor of phyfic, and began 10 

 tura his attention to that faculty, as the means of future 

 fupport. He was at this time in the higheft eftimatioii 

 with feveral perfons of eminence in the medical [irofeflion : 

 Dr. Sydenham, among others, fpeaking of 'him, favs, " If 

 we conliderhis genius, and penetrating and exadl judement, 

 or the ftriftnefs of his morals, he has Icarcely any fuperior, 

 and few equals now living." In 1675, Mr. Locke fought 

 relief from a pulmonary complaint by travelling to the fouth 

 of France, where he became acquaii.ted with the earl of 

 Pembroke, to vi'hom'Iie communicated his plan of writing 

 the " Effay on Human Underllanding." He afterwards 

 fettled at Paris, wliere he obtained the friendQiip of feveral 

 men of letters. In 1679 the earl of Shafcelbury, being re- 

 ffored to favour at court, and made prefident of the council, 

 fent to requell that Mr. Locke would return home without 

 delay. He inllantly compiled ; but within fix months that 

 nobleman was again difplaced, for refufing his concurrence 

 with the deligns of the court, which aimed at the efiablifh- 

 ment of popery and arbitrary power; and in 1682, he 

 found it necefl'ary to retire to the continent, to avoid a pro- 

 feeution for high treafon, on account of offences charged 

 upon him, probably without the colour of reafon or truth. 

 Mr. Locke, ,whofe character was -above all fufpicion, re- 

 mained lleadily attached to his patron, following him into 

 Holland ; and upon his lordfnip's death, which happened 

 foon afierv^ards, he did iwt tliink it fafe to return to his 



native 



