LOG 



LOG 



LocKlS'G of JVheeh, in Rural Economy, Wk means of 

 fiftening tliem fo as to prevent their running too fwiftly 

 upon the horfcs, when coming down fteep hills. This 13 

 effcfted in various ways ; as by chains, (ledges, friftion, 

 l)ars, &c. See Cart, Wheel, and Waggon. 



LOCKMAN, in the I(lc of Man, the oiTicer who exe- 

 cutes the orders of the government, much like our under- 

 flieriff. 



LOCKS, in the TI/^OTf^f, in French called ^n/rj'ZJenx, are 

 pieces of leather two fingers hroad, turned round, and 

 (luffed on the infide, to prevent their hurting the pattern of 

 a horfe, round whieli they are clapped. An entrance is com- 

 pofed of two enlravons joined by an iron chain, feven or 

 eight inches long. 



I.,OCKSPri', ^mowr:^ Miners, is the firall cut or trench, 

 made with a fpace of about a foot wide, to mark out the 

 iirll lines of a work. 



LOCKTEWACKT, in Gngm'-hy, a town of Swedifh 

 Lapland, on a lake ; 6j miles W.N.W. of I'itea. 



LOC LE, a town, or rather village, of Switzerland, in the 

 principality of Neufchatel. La Chaux de Fond, another 

 large handfome village lying in a broad valley which reaches to 

 Tranche Comte, is connected with Locle by a range of pleaf- 

 ing cottages, llcirting bothfides of the road. Both thefe vil- 

 lages, together with the diftrifts belCTiging to them, contain 

 about 6000 inhabitants, dillinguiilied for their fltill and induf- 

 try in the mechanical arts. They carry on an extenfive traf- 

 fic in lace, (lockings, cutlery, and other articles of their 

 own manufafture ; but particularly excel in watch-making, 

 and every branch of clock-work. All forts of workmen 

 tiocefTary for the completion of that bulinefs, fuch as painters, 

 enameliers, engravers, and gilders, are found in thefe villages ; 

 where, upon an average, about 40,000 watches are annually 

 made. Several inhabitants of thefe villages have invented 

 ■tifeful mathematical and a'.tronomical inllruments. The fon 

 of Droz, afterwards a rcfident at Paris, exhibited in Eng- 

 land feveral automatical figures of I'nrprifing conflrudion: 

 one played upon the harpfichord, another drew landfcapes, 

 and a third copied any word prefented to it, or wrote down 

 whatever was diftatcd by any of the company. 



LOCM.'-iN, a mounJ:ain of Pcrfia, in the province of 

 Khorafan ; 1 j miles W. of Maruerrud. 



LOCMINE', a town of France, in the department of 

 'Morbihan, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of 

 Pontivy ; 10 miles S. of Pontivy. The place contains 

 9429, and the canton 11,233 inhabitanis, on a territory of 

 •180 kihnmetresj in feven communes. 



LOCO RoTO.VDO, a toV/n of Naples, in the province of 

 Eari ; 1 1 miles S.S.E. of Monopoli. 



LOCONTAI, a town of Upper Siam ; 60 miles N. of 

 Perfelon. 



LOCRI, LoCRlANS, m Ancient Geography, ■<iyeo-\^\e who 

 are faid to have deiived their name from an ancient iiero called 

 " Locris," or '• Locros," whofe fon Opus founded a town 

 under his own name. Thefe people formed four dillinCt 

 diiiiions, with appropriate furname^, the three firit of which, 

 •vl-z. I^ocri ozoU, Locri epicaem'uUi, and Locri opunliani, 

 were fettled in Greece : the fourth divifion, denominated 

 cpizrphyrii, inhabited Magna Grrecia, near the promontory 

 of Zephyrium. The oxol'i occupied a confidcrable extent 

 of country W. of the Phocide, along the gulf of Corinth. 

 The epicnemidii derived theirnamc from mount Cnemis, about 

 v.-hich tiiey dwelt ; the Maliac gulf being on tiie E., mount 

 Oeta on the N., the Phocide on the W., and the Locri 

 opuntiani on the S., whofe territory was of fmall extc::t. 

 "TChe epizephyrn were lituatcd near the promontory of Zephy- 

 tiamj .find were dillributed into two clafl'es, diftingiiiflted by 



their name and their frtuation. One divifion embarked on the 

 gulf of Corinth, and the other on the jligean fea. It is 

 therefore poffible that a colony of one of thefe branches might 

 eftablifli themfelves in this part of Italy. Their town, 

 " Locri Epizephyrii," was fituatod on a iiiU near tlie above- 

 mentioned promontory. Some fay, that it was founded at 

 the fame time with Cyiicus, under the reign of Tullua 

 Kortilius, but Strabo dates its origin a lif.'le after Crotona 

 and Syracufe, about the year 757 before our era. It was 

 very flouriihing, when Dionyfius the younger, having been 

 driven from Syracufe, praftifed there all lorts of violence. 

 But the I.iOcrian5, having recovered their liberty, expelled 

 the garrifon and took ample vengeaiee of the tyrant. 

 Epherus, fayi. Strabo, reports, that Zalcucus formed the 

 laws of the Locrians from tliofe of Crete, Sparta, anJ 

 Athens, one of which ellabhihed a confor.mity of punifh- 

 raent to crimes, whereas before they were arbitrary and de- 

 pended upon the will of tlie judge. The Locrians had 

 built upon the coaft a temple of Proferpinc, which was 

 piUaged by Pyrrhus when he carried his arms into Italy. 

 The town was not better treated by the Roman garrifon, 

 under the urdcrs of Fiaminius. In the year 539 of Rome 

 the Locrians, having devoted themft-lvcs to the Brutians 

 and Carthaginians, by this conduft iiicenfed the Roman re- 

 public ; 10 that they lent troops againil them and took their 

 city in the year 5'49. A lit tie after, however, vhey recovered 

 their hberty. The fequel of the hidory of the Locrians is 

 not known ; but an inllance of tlieir valour has been recorded 

 which deferves to be mentioned. In a war between them 

 and the CrotGiiiates, 10,000 Locriiuis, with a few additional 

 troop?, defeated 1 30,000 of the enemy near the river Sagra ; 

 an event fo marvellous, that it became proverbial in giving at- 

 teftation to a tact thought incredible. AKsCija tiv sti i^a-, »» ; 

 i. e. it is more true than the battle of Sagra. 



LocKi, or Locres, Motta di Buzzano, a. town of Italy, 

 in Brutium. It was founded, as we have already mentioned 

 in the preceding article, by a colony of Greeks called Lo- 

 crians. 



LOCRIAN, m Ancient Mufc, the feventh fpccies of the 

 diapafon. It was alfo called hyprnloriany and common. 



LOCULAMENTUM, in Botany, denotes a cell or par- 

 tition, in a feed-pod, for the feed ot a plant. 



In fome plants we only find one loculamentum in a pod ; 

 in fome otliers two, three, or more. 



LOCUS, Place, in the general fenfe. See Place. 



Loci;.s, among Ancient Muftcians, was ufed to (ignify 

 the interval b-'tween one degree of acutenels or gravity of 

 found and another. The Greeks uied the word tcto,- in the 

 f?.me fenfe, for the fpace through which the voice moved. 

 See Motion. 



This motion the Greeks diflinguidied into two kinds ; one 

 continued, Tj-nx't:, the other disjunct, Siy.ryiiJ.u.tix.-n. Iiiftances 

 of the firlt kind are in fpeaking ; of the iecond, in linging ; 

 and this they called melodic ii.otion, or what was adapted 

 to finging. Ptolemy in hkc manner divides founds of un- 

 equal pitch, 4.o?!y,- Bvio-o'lovi.-, into continued and diferete, and 

 fays the firll kind are improper, and the fecond proper, for 

 harmony. 



Ariftides Quintilianus intcrpofes a third kind of motion 

 between the two here mentioned, fuch as that of a perlbn re- 

 citing a poem. 



Locus, in Rhetoric, atopic, or head, vvherce arguments 

 are brought to prove the quellion \a hand. Some of thefe 

 are cal.'ed/o^; communes, or tonimon topics, as being comuion 

 to all forts of argument ; tlius, whether a tiling be poffible 

 or impoilible, more or lefs th-in fomelhing eife, &c. 



Befides thefe, three others are mentioned by rhetoricians, 



jii/lum, 



