LOG 



LOG 



ccejlng its own length in the direiftion of its axis iKrongh 

 a reliliing medium, makes one revolution round the axis ; 

 if, therefore, the revolutions of the fpiral are regiftered, the 

 number of times it has gone its own Ienj;th through the 

 water will be known. Iii both thefe the motion of the fpiral 

 in the water is communicated to the c'ock-work within- 

 board, by means of a fn.all line, fattened at one end of the 

 fpiral, which tows it after the fhip, and at the other to 

 a fpindle, wiiicli fets the clock-work in motion. 1'hat in- 

 vented bv Mr. RufTel has a half fpiral of two threads, 

 made ot copper, and a fmall dial with clock-work, to regif- 

 ter the number of turns of the fpiral. The other log 

 has a whole fpiral of wood with one thread, and a larger 

 piece of clock-work, with three dials, two of them to mark 

 the diftance, and the other divided into knots and fathoms, 

 to iTiew the rate by the half-minute glafs for the conveni- 

 ence of comparing it with the log. This kind of lug will 

 have the advantage of every o'her in fmooth water and mo- 

 derate weather; and it will be ufeful in finding the trim of 

 the fhip when alo:ie, in furveying a coaft in a iingle (hip, or 

 in meafurinif diilances in a boat between headlands and 

 fhoals ; but it ij iubjecl to other inconveniences, which will 

 not render it a pr per fubliitute for the common log. See 

 Phil. Tranf. vol. xl- :ii. p ^^2. 



l^oa-board is a table divided into four or five columns, 

 whereon are marked the reckonings of every day ; from 

 whence they are entered into the log-book or traverfe-book, 

 whence it may be tranfcribed into the journals, and how 

 much the (hip gains in hercourfe be eflimated daily. In the 

 firft column ot the log-board, is entered the hour of the 

 day, from the noon of one dav to the noon of the next ; in 

 the fecond and third, the number of knots and fathoms the 

 fhip IS found to run per hour, fet againfl the hours when 

 the log was hove : in the fourth, the courfes which the (hip 

 fleers : and in the fifth, or right-hand column, the winds, the 

 alterations of the fails, the bufinefs doing aboard, obferva- 

 tions made of the weather, variations of the compafs, &c. 

 See JoL'RN.\L. 



LoG-iooi, at fea, a book ru'ed and columned like the log. 

 board. It is ufed by fome to enter the log-board's account 

 in every day at noon, with the obfervations then made ; and 

 from hence it is corrected and entered into the journals. 

 (See .TocRNAL.) The intermediate divifions or watches of 

 the log-book, containing four hours each, are ufually figned 

 by the commanding officer in fliips of war, or Eall In- 

 diamen. 



LOGAN, in Geography, a county of America, in the 

 ftate of Keutucky, contaming 4S70 inhabitants, befides 

 730 Haves. 



LOG.ANIA, in Botany, fo denominated by Mr. R. 

 Brovvn, after Mr. James Logan, Prefident of the Council, 

 and Chief Juftice of the Province of Pennfylvania, author of 

 a fmall Latin tratt in fupport of the Linnian doctrine of the 

 generation of plants, publilTied at Leydcn, in 1739, and 

 republifhed, we believe by Dr. Fothergill, at London, in 

 '747' ^i'^ 3" Enghrti tranflation. Brown Prodr. Nov. 

 Holl. V. I. 454. (Euofma ; Andr. Rcpof. v, 8. 520.) — 

 Clafs and order, Paitai.dna Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Gen- 

 hat!<t, Jufi". 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, in five deep equal feg- 

 ments, pernianent. Cor. of one petal, fomewhat bell- 

 (haped, rather hairy in the throat ; limb in five deep, equal, 

 roundifh fegments. Stam. Filaments five, equal, inlerted 

 into ibn-ie part of the tube, (horter than the hmb ; anthers 

 fmall, roundifh. Pjji. Germen fuperior, ov.v.e, with a 

 groove at each fide 1 ftyle {hort, thick, permanent ; (ligma 

 capitate, fomewhat ciub-lhaped. iVjV. Capfule ovate, 



with a furrow at each fide, feparating into tro parts, *ach 

 of one cell and two valves, with a longitudinal triangular re- 

 ceptacle to each cell. Setdt numerous, roundilh, peltate, 

 rough. 



Eif. Ch. Calyx in five deep ferments. Corolla fome- 

 what bell-fhaped, five-cleft, hairy in the throat. Stamen* 

 fhorter tlian the limb. Stigma capitate. Capfule fuperior, 

 with two furrows, four valves, two cells, and a receptacle 

 to each. Seeds peltate. 



This New-Holland genus confifts of either (hrubs or 

 herbs, with oppofite entire leaves, generally attended by 

 ftipulas, which are either luiied into a fmall intrafoiiaceous 

 fliealh. Of diftinft ; in the latter cafe, withiii the infertion 

 of the leaves or at their fides ; fometimes there are no lli- 

 pulas. Flowers either terminal or axillary, oppofite in co- 

 rymbs or cinders, fometimes folitary Corolla white, fome- 

 times veined. Albumen fl -(hy. Mr. Brown indicates its- 

 near affinity to Geniojloma, fee that article, and thence ta 

 the order of Ap-x'ime, and to Ujleria, one of the RubiaceA. 

 He defines eleven fp'ecies, eight of which are flirubs, witli 

 an obtufe calyx, and the llamens within tiie tube ; the rcil are 

 herbaceous, or but (lightly Ihrubby, with an acute calyx, 

 and fomewhat prominent -ftamens. Of the eight firll -men- 

 tioned fpecies, five have the llipulas united into a fheath or 

 ring within the infertion of the leaves. Thefe are called true 

 Logimie. A fpecimen of them is 



L. latifoUa, Brown n. 2. (Exacum vaginale ; Labill. 

 Nov. Holl. v. I. 37. t. 51.)— Leaves obovate, rather 

 pointed at each end. Flowers corym.bofe. Young branches 

 fmooth. Stem ereift — Native of the fouthern part of Ne\T 

 Holland. The Jlem is fhrubby, about a yard high, with, 

 upright, fquare, fmooth, leafy branches. Leaves oppofite, 

 fcarcely (talked, coriaceous, broadly obovate, above two 

 inches long, entire, acute, tapering at the bafe, and unhed 

 by means of the (hort, tubular, iutrafoliaceous fiipultu 

 Flo-ujers numerous, in terirunal and axillary, fmooth, re- 

 peatedly three-forked, corymbofe panicLs, with a pair of 

 acute braSeas at each fubdivifion. It is remarkable that 

 Labillardiere fays nothing of their colour, neither does he 

 here, or perhaps in any part of his work, feem to have made 

 any notes on the fpor, but merely to have defcribed the- 

 dried ipecimens after his return. 



The three others have ei'her fetaceous, lateral, diftindt 

 ftipulas, or none at all. Theie anfwur to the genus Euofwt 

 of .Andrews. 



1j. fiuribiinJa. Brown n. 6. (Euofma albiflora ;• Andr, 

 Repol. t. 520.) — Leaves lanceolate, tapcrii:"^ at each end,, 

 fmooth. Stipulas lateral, brilHe-lhaped. Ciuilers axillary, 

 compound, (horter than the leaves;- with downy flower- 



ftalks Sent originally by Dr. White, from Port Jackfon, 



Mr. Andrews had it in flower from the fine coUeSion of the 

 Marquis of Blandford, at White Knights, where it was. 

 trained againft a fouth wall in the open air, and in April 

 was coveied with a profufion of white blofibms, which had 

 the fceut of hawthorn. The J}em of this plant was about 

 four feet high, (iirubby. Branches wand-like, oppofite, 

 fquare, fmootb,, leafy, reddilh. Leave! wiiiow-Iike, ta- 

 pering iniicli at each end, near two inches long ; fmooth, 

 (hii.ing and dark green above ; whitiili, opaque and ob- 

 fcurely dotted beneath. Chjiers compound, axillary, (horter 

 than the leaves. Flowers iomewhat like hly of the valley^ 

 but only half as large. Capjuks rugoie. 



The three lail fpecies of this genus, which have, as before 

 mentioned, an acute calyx, and itamens inferted into the 

 throat of the corolla, have received from Mr. Erown a fort 

 of provifional generic nam.e, Stcmandra, expreffive of this 

 lad chdia^er ; fo that if aoy perfoa choofcs to ieparate then\ 



fieia 



