LOG 



LOG 



Only immediately derived being by whom God made the 

 world, ihould gain any exaltation by receiving after liis rcfur- 

 rec^ion and afcL-nfion, a bright reiplendent human body, and 

 beinw made the king and lord of all good men in this world, 

 and the judge of mankind, and being made higher than the 

 angels, to whom he was vaftly fuperior before, nbaiidoned 

 this iiypothefis, as throughout inconceivable, and irrecon- 

 cileable to reafon. Having Hated fome difficulties, which 

 have been fince repeatedly urged by Unitarians, and which 

 thofe who are advocates fortlie pre-exiftent dignity of Ciiriil 

 are far from thinking to be incai>able of a latisfactory folu- 

 tion, and having given interpretationsof the pafTages that feem 

 to intimate and to exprefs the doctrine of our Saviour's pre- 

 exillence, he procetds to explain the introduction to St. 

 John's gofpel. " In the beginning was the Word." By 

 beginning he underltands not the beginning of the gofpel, 

 a£ others of limilar feutimcnts have underftood it, but of the 

 creation, or rallier always from eternity " was the Word." 

 " And the word was witli God ;" that is, was always with 

 God, though not fully manifel'.ed, till thefe laft days of the 

 world " And the word was God," fcmetimes rendered, 

 though not correftly, "And God was the word." Not- 

 wiihltandin,' the fceming tautology, he is of opinion, that 

 God here is the fame God that was mentioned before ; and 

 that St. John intends the one true God, not any inferior 

 deity. 



Thefe paflages dill remain unfatisfactorily interpreted, 

 whatever be the hyoothefis concerning the logos that is ad- 

 -niitted ; but this is not the place to purfue more at large the 

 difcullion of this point. Our theological readers will be led 

 by this article to feek further information from thofe com- 

 mentators and critics, who haveexprefsly written on this fub- 

 jett. ^ 



LOGOTHiiTA, an officer under the emperors of the 

 Eall, who kept an account of the various branches of 

 public and private expence. 



There were feveral kinds of' them dillinguiflied by the 

 particular branch they faperintended, as the lugotheta th S^-o/ah, 

 or (>oJ}-maller ^eiural ; logutheta rtv out^niajn, or majler of the 

 Ijuiijhohl, &c. 



L.OGR0N0, in Giography, a tov.n of Spain, in Old 

 Catlile, on the Ebro ; contaming a court of inquifition, 

 five parities, eight convents, and about jooo inhabitants. 

 The environs produce iruit, legume, flax, hemp, excellent 

 wine, oil, and filk : 20 miles N.W. of Calahorra. N. lat. 

 ^2 2^'. W. long. 3 24'. — Alfo, a town of South Ame- 

 rica, in the province of Quito ; 40 miles E.S.E of Cuenza. 

 LOGSTOR, or LixTOEU, a town of Denmark, ir, 

 North Jutland, on Lymford gulf; 21 miles W. of Aalborg. 

 N. lat. 57 . E. long, (f 15'. 



LOGSTOWN, a town of America, on the W. fide of 

 the Ohio ; 18 rniles from Pittlburg. 



LOGUR, a town of Hiudooltan ; 20 miles W.N.W. 

 of Poonah. 



LOGW^OOD, in Bdmy, the wood of a tree ; for the bo- 

 tanical characters of which, fee H.»:,m.vtoxylum. The 

 ■wood of this tree is brought in logs of about three feet in 

 length, to Europe, where it is ufed for dyeing purples, and 

 for the fined blacks j and iheretore it is a very valuable 

 commodity. 



The ufe of logwood in dyeing %vas eflabliflied in this 

 country bv 13 k. 14 Car. II. cap. 11. before which time 

 it was prohibited as a pernicious material. A confiderable 

 part of the foluble portion of the wood is taken up both 

 by water and alcohol, but much more by the latter, and 

 thefe menftrua become tinged by it of a deep purple -red or 

 brown. It ac;ds be added to the watery decoction, it is 



3 



turned yellow, but alkalies give a very deep purple colour, 

 without yielding any precipitate. Alum, added to the de- 

 coftion of logwood, caufes a violet precipitate or lake, and the 

 fupernatant liquor a!lo remains violet, and gives a freih por- 

 tion of lake on the effufion of an alkah. The falts of 

 iron give an inky black with all the folutions of logwood, 

 under the fame circumdancts as with galls, whence the 

 prefence of gallic acid in logwood is evinced. The folu- 

 tions of tin form a very fine violet-coloured lake with the 

 decoction of logwood, and wholly precipitate the colouring 

 matter, fo that the fupernatant liquor is quite clear and co- 

 lourlefs. In dyeing, logwood gives its own natural purple, 

 with diades or variations according to the mordant ufed, or 

 it heightens and improves the common black with iron and 

 galls. In this latter way it gives a peculiar glofa and luftre,. 

 on which account it is a very valuable dyeing material. 



I.,ogwood is ufed in miniature painting to make a purple 

 wafli ; which may be varied to a more red or blue colour 1^ 

 the addition or omiffiou of Brazil wood. The walTi may be 

 prepared by boiling an ounce of ground logwood in a pint 

 of water, till one-half of the fluid be walled ; drain it then 

 through flannel, while of a boiling heat ; and add to it, 

 when drained, about ten grains of pearl-adies. To make 

 it more red, add half an ounce of Brazil wood, or in pro- 

 portion as the colour wanted may require ; uhng. in this- 

 cafe the pearl-afhes very fpariugly. This wood has a fw'eetidi. 

 fuballriugent tade, but a remarkable fmcll. It gives a piir- 

 phdi-red tincture to watery and fpirituous infiilions, and 

 tinges the dools, and fometimes the urine, of the fame colour;, 

 but it does not appear to colour theJjones of animals. 



Befides its ufe among dyers, it is employed medicinally as 

 an adringent and corroborant. In diarrhoeas it has been 

 found peculiarly eflicacious ; alfo in the latter ftages of dy- 

 fentery, when the obdrufting caufes are removed, it ferves 

 to obviate that extreme laxity of the inteftines ufually fuper- 

 induced by repeated dejections. Extrattum ligni campe- 

 chenfis is ordered in the pharmacopeias, and may be given 

 in the dofe of one fcruple or two, repeated according to 

 the urgency of the fymptoms. The extract is obtained by 

 infpiflating the decoctions. To promote the extraction,, 

 the wood (hould be reduced into a fine powder, which is to 

 be boiled in the water, in the proportion of a pound to a 

 gallon, till half the liquor is waded. Some digell the 

 powdered wood iu as much fpirit as will cover it to the 

 height of about four inches, and afterwards boil it in water ; 

 the maiters taken up by the watery and fpirituous mendrua, 

 may be united into one extract, by infpiflating the watery 

 decoftion to the coufiftcnce of honey, and then gradually 

 illrring in the fpirituous tincture. 



Logwood Country, in Gtography, a didrift of America,, 

 that lies N.W^. of the Mofquilo Ihore, at the head of the 

 bay of Honduras, and extends from Vera Paz to Yucatan, 

 from 15; to iS N. lat. The wiiole c;;ad is, overi'preiid 

 with illets, keys, and fticala, and the navigation is intricate. 

 Logwood Lagoon, a bay or gulf on the N.E. coad of 

 Yucatan. K. lat. 20' 57'. W. long 88 20'. 



Logwood /I////, in the ManufaSuns, is a machine for re- 

 ducing logwood, orother dyeing woods, ".o fmall cliips-or rafp- 

 jngs, that the colouring matter may be more readily extracted 

 from them by the dyer. Thefe machines are of two kinds:, 

 one, by means of luuvs fixed to a large whee', chips the wood. 

 acrofs the grain into fmall fragmen's, which are afterwards 

 reduced to a fine powder, by grniding them beneath a pair 

 of rolling done': tHis is called a chipping. engine. The otlier- 

 kind operates by !teeil)ars, with a great number of notches 

 in the edge, which rafps and cuts tiie end of the wood into 

 powder : this is call^-d tlie rafping engiae. Both machines 



require 



