I. O L 



rally flat, but fometimcs nearly cylinclrical ; and it foine- 

 iinies (hews a difpolition to become branched, particularly 

 towards the bottom. The rachis is flexuons, or changes its 

 diredion in a curve line from one fpikelet to 'another ; and 

 each fpikelet being lodged at the bafe in a hoUow of it, has 

 ro cccafion for an inner valve to the calyx for protection, 

 and therefore is not provided with one. The number of 

 tlovvers in each fpikelet varies from three or tour to fix, 

 feven or eight, and even fonietimes nine, ten, or eleven ; but 

 fix or feven is the moll common number. The valvo of the 

 caly.K tapers to a point ; and the terminating calyx is two- 

 leaved. The two inner huiks, which arc the valves of^ the 

 corolla, arc both of the fame length, or nearly fo. The 

 germ is placed between the upper of thefe, and two fmall 

 wlute femitraniparent inbllances, which Linnius terms the 

 nlfearies : the feed ealily quits the chaff or covering. 



This is a grafs which is called in Englidi a ray-grafs, from 

 the French ivar'tc, which is their name for another fpecies, 

 tliis being termed Fmijfc i-vnrie. It is corruptly termed by 

 farmers lie, or rye-grafs, but it bears no refemblance to rie, 

 or rye, that bei.ig a name appropriated to a very different 

 grafs (Hordeum pratenfe). It has, likcvvife, by Ray been 

 diilinguifiied by the title of Red Dainel-^rafs ; and in fome 

 places it )s called Crap; in Devonfhire, i'fiwr ; in Norfolk, 

 White NoneJ'uch. _ 



There are feveral varieties of this grafs which differ 

 cUiefly in the fize or colour of the flem and fpike, as well as 

 the number of flowers in each fpikelet. Alfo the flowers 

 are now and then found with awns or beards ; and the fpikelets 

 are alfo fometimes clullered, and fometimes branched, or 

 divided. 



It is a fort of grafs that has been long in cultivation as an 

 early pafture and hay grafs. See Aktificial Grafs, and 

 Ray-guass. 



LOLLARDS, in Ecchfiaftcal Htftory, a religious fcft, 

 differino-in many rehgious points from the church of Rome, 

 which arofe in Germany about the beginning of the four- 

 teenth century ; fo called, as rtany writers have erroneoufly 

 imagined, from Walter Lollard, who began to dogmatize in 

 13 15, and was burnt at Cologn : but it is evident that Lol- 

 lard was nofiirname, but merely a term of repreach applied 

 to all heretics who concealed the poifon of error under the 

 appearance of piety. 



The monk of Canterbury derives the origin of the word 

 Lollard, among us, from loUum, a tare ; as if the Lollards 

 were the tares fown in Chriit's vineyard. Abclly fays, that 

 the word Lollard fignifies praifwg God, from the German 

 Men, topraife, and herr, Lord ; becaufe the Lollards em- 

 ployed th'emfelves in travelling about from place to place, 

 (Inging pfalms and hymns. 



Others, much to the fame purpofe, derive lallhard, lull- 

 hard, or loUert, luUert, as it was written by the ancient Gcr- 

 nians, from the old German word lullen, IsUcn, or lallen, and 

 the termination hard, with which many of the High Dutch 

 words end. Lolhn fignifies to fing with a low voice,^ and, 

 therefore, Mhard is a finger, or one wlio frequently fings ; 

 and in the vi -'gar tongue of the Germans, it denotes a pei- 

 fon who is continually praifing God with a fong, or finging 

 hymns to his honour. The Alexians or Cellitcs were called 

 Lollards, becaufe they were public fingers who made it their 

 bufinefs to inter the bodies of thofe who died of the plague, 

 and fang a dirge over them in a mournful and indittinft tone 

 as they carried them to the grave. The name was after- 

 wards afTumed by pcrfons that dilhonoured it ; for we find, 

 among thofe Lollards who made extraordinary pretences to 

 piety and religion,'and fpent the greateft part of their time 

 jji meditation, prayer, and fuch afts of piety, there v.ei* 



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many abominable hypocrites, who entertained the mod ridi- 

 culous opinions and concealed the niofl enormous vices under 

 the fpecioiis mark of this extraordinary profeffion. And 

 many injurious afpcrfions were propagated againfl thofe 

 who afTumed tiiis name, by the priefts and monks ; fo that 

 by degrees, any perfon who covered hercfies or crimes under 

 the appearance of piety, was called a Lollard. Thus the 

 name was not ufed to denote any one particular feft, but 

 was formerly common to all perfons and all feiSs, who were 

 fnppofed to be gKilty of impiety towards God or the church, 

 under an external profcfiion of extraordinary piety. How- 

 ever, many focieties, confifting both of men and women, 

 under the name of Lollards, were formed in moft parts of 

 Germany and Flanders, and were fupported partly by their 

 manual labours, and partly by the charitable donations of 

 pious perfons. The magiftrates and inhabitants of the 

 towns,- where thefe brethren and filters refided, gave the;n 

 particular marks of favour and proteftion, on account of 

 their great ufefulnefs to the fick and needy. They were 

 thus fupported againil their malignant rivals, and obtained 

 many papal conllittitions, by which their inltitute was con- 

 firmed, their perfons exempted from the cognizance of the 

 inquifitors, and fubjefted entirely to the jurifdiilion of thebi- 

 fhops ; but as thefe meafures were infiifficient to fccure them 

 from molellation, Charles, duke of Burgundy,>in the year 

 1472, obtained a folemn bull from pope Sixtus lY. order- 

 ing that tlie Cellites, or Lollards, fliould be ranked among 

 the religious orders', and delivered from the jurifdiction of 

 the bilhops ; and pope .Julius II. granted them yet greater 

 privileges in the year 1506. Moflicini informs us that many 

 focieties of this kind are ftill fubfiiling at Cologn, and in 

 ttie cities of Flanders, though they iiave evidently de- 

 parted from their ancient rules. Eccl. Hift. vol. iii. 8vo. 



Lollard and his followers rejedted the facrifice of the 

 mafs, extreme unftion, and penances for fin ; arguing, that 

 Chrill's fufferings were fufficient. He is likewife laid to 

 have fet afide baptifm as a thing of no effeft ; and repent- 

 ance, as not abfolntely neceffary, &c. In England, tl>e 

 followers of Wickliffe were called, by way of reproach, 

 Lollards, from fome affinity there was between fome of their 

 tenets ; though otiiers are of opinion, that the Englilli 

 Lollards came from Germany. 



They were folemnly condemned by the archbifhop of Can- 

 terbury and the council of Oxford. 



LOLLGUNGE, in Geography, a town of Bengal ; zo 

 miles E N.E. of Purneah. 



I.,OLI..I, in Biography, a performer on the violin ot 

 great celebrity, w-ho came into England at the beginning of 

 1785 ; but by a caprice in his conduft equal to his per- 

 formance, he was feldom heard. And tlien fo eccentric 

 w'as his ffyle of compofition and execution, that he was re- 

 garded as a madman by moil of his hearers. And yet we 

 are convinced, that in his lucid intervals he was, in a ferious 

 flyle, a very great, expreffive, and admirable performer. In 

 his freaks nothing can be imagined fo wild, difficult, gro- 

 tefque, and cen ridiculous as his compofitions and perform- 

 ance. After playing at the oratorio, and making the grave 

 and ignorant laugh at very ferious difficulties upon which, 

 he had, perhaps, but ill bellowed his time, he fuddenly left 

 the kingdom, a la fuurdme ; perhaps, at lalt, to Ihun diffi- 

 culties of another kind. 



LOLLIEI, in Geography, a town of Thibet; no miles 

 N. of Goreah. N. lat. 30 15'. E. long. 84.' aS'. 



LOLLONADO, a town of the ifiand of Cubas 146 

 miles S.W. of Havanna. 



LO-LOS, the name of a particular people difperfed 

 through tlie province of Yuii-nan, in China, diftiBdt from 



the 



