LONDON. 



7. The New Prifon, Clerkenwcll, is the goal for the 

 county of Middlefex, for felons, and p- ifons fiiltd. 



8. The Pnfon for the T^ibertj- of fhe Tower of London, 

 is at Bethnal-green, and ;s ufed only for foldiers belonging 

 to the Tower. 



9. Whitechapel Pril -.1 for debtors in the ^J. court. 

 The houfcs of corr ■ ' 't.n are 



10. Tilt City Bri>' 1, Bridge-dreet, Blackfriars. 



11. TothiU-ii.ld* ;'i . .ve'l. 



12. Cold V>Mh Tu-ii^^ Penitentiary Houfe. 



13. New Bridev.ell, in the borough of Soiithwark. 



14. County goal fir Snrrey, in the borough of South- 

 wark, for felons and debtors. 



15. New goal, Southwark, or Borough Compter, for 

 felons and debtors, 



16. Clink goal, for the dillrift of that name, in South- 

 wark. 



17. The Marlhalfea goal, Southwark, for pirates, and 

 for perfons arrclled for fmall debts in the Marfhalfea court. 



18. King's-bcnch prifon, St. George's Fields, for debtors, 

 and for perfons committed for contempt of the court of 

 King's-bench, of which this is the peculiar prifon. 



Public Buildings. — U will furprife a foreign architofl to 

 look through the wealthy city of London, and perceive fo 

 few public edifices that difplay architeftural beauty, or 

 grandeur. Various circumilances have confpired to occafion 

 this; and not want of abilities in our artills : for many names 

 can be mentioned, both of deceafed and living archii-e^its, 

 whofe delicrns would honour and ornament any city. Thofe 

 whofe works arc moll confpicuous in London, are Inigo 

 Jones, lir Chriftopher Wren, Gibbs, Hawkfmoor, Dance, 

 Soane, Samuel Wyatt, Jupp, fir Rnb^-rt Ta; lor, Smirkt;, 

 Milne, Holland, and Adams. The public edifices of Lou- 

 don, are bridges, (for an accQunt of which fee Bhidges,) 

 churches, public offices, hofpitals, and private luanfions. 

 Squares and regular llreets conilitute a dillirguifhing fea- 

 ture of town architefture. Some of the public buildings 

 are fpacious, commodious, judicioudy adapted to their re- 

 fpeftive purpofes, and difplay beautiful, fine, and even grand 

 .parts. The Englifli architcdl is juilly noted for the fivill 

 and judgment he often evinces in defigning and adapting tiie 

 interior of his buildings: and this is certainly the molt ef- 

 fential part of the profcffion. The principal public edifices 

 within the pre«.incls of the city, and in the eaftern part of 

 the town, are tiie Tower ; the New Mint ; the Trinity 

 Houfe; the Bank; the Maufion Houfe; the Roj'al Ex- 

 change; the Ead India Houfe; the Auction Mart ; the 

 Com nereiai M iri ; the Cuftom Houfe ; the Excife Office; 

 Guildhall ; the bridges of London and Blackfriars ; the 

 Polt-oifice ; Newgate; Giltfpur-llrcet Compter; St. Luke's 

 H olpit-d ; the churches of St. Paul, Bow, St. Stephen's 

 V.'^albrook, St. Bride's Fleet-ftreet. 



Toiuer of London. — This celebrated building Hands on the 

 north bank of the river Thames, at the eaftern extremity, 

 and juft without the limits of the city. If credit is to be 

 given to the ilatement of Fitz-Stephen, it owes its original 

 foundation to Julius Casfar, but this atfertion is fupported by 

 110 evidence. The firft authentic notice of it is, that Wil- 

 liam the Conqueror erefted a fortiefs here immediately upon 

 his obtaining poflbnion of Lo.ndon in the year 1066, with the 

 view of intimidating the citizens from any oppofition to his 

 ufurpatiou This monarch feems, about twelve years after- 

 wards, either to have much enlarged the previous edifice, or 

 to have built another on its fcite or near it. This building 

 forms, what is now called, the White Tower, from its hav- 

 ing been repaired and white-waflied by Henry IH, in the 



year 1240. It is a large fquare flrufiure, fituated near the 

 centre of the prefcnt fortrefs, and furmounted by four 

 watch towers,, one of which is ufed as an obfervatory. It con- 

 filLs of three lofty ftories, in the hi 11 of which are two grand 

 rooms, one of which is a fmall armory for the naval lervice. 

 The other buildings and fortifications have been erected 

 at different periods. The principal of the former are, the 

 chui-ch dedicated to St. Peter advincula ; the ordnance of- 

 fice ; the mint ; the record office ; the jewel office ; the 

 liorfe armory ; the grand llore-houfe ; the new or fmall 

 armorvhoufes belonging to the officers of the Tower, and 

 barracks for the garrifou. Th'- whole comprifes, within the 

 walls, an extent of twelve acres and five rood;;. The ex- 

 terior circumference of the ditch, which entirely furrounds 

 it, nieafures 3156 feet. This ditch, on llie lide of Tower- 

 hill, is broad and deep, but becomes much narrower on that 

 nearell the river, from which it is divided br a handiome 

 wharf, having a platform upon it, mounted with fixty-one 

 fiieces of cannon. Befides thefe, there arc a number of great 

 guns, arranged a,s fmall batteries, on different parts of the 

 walls. The chief entrance is by a Hone bridg> thrown over 

 the ditch on the weft-fide of the Tower. At the outer ex- 

 tremity of this bridge are two gates, and within the ditch 

 another, all whii.h are fliut every night, and opened in the 

 morning with particular formality. The wharf is connedted 

 with the Tower by a drawbridge, near which is a cut 

 leading from the ditch to the river, fecured by a gate called 

 Traitor's Gate, from the circumftance of Hate prifoner,"! 

 having been formerly conveyed by this paffage to Wellmin- 

 ller for trial. 



This fortrefs was a palace, inhabited by various fovereignsof 

 England till the reign of queen Elizabeth. Since that period 

 it has been chiefly ufed as a Hate prifon, aad as a place of 

 fecurity for arms and property belonging to the crown. In 

 one of the rooms of the White tower, called Casfar's chapel, 

 a variety of ancient records of the court of chancery are 

 depofited. All the models of new invented engines of de- 

 ftruftion, which have been prefented to government, are pre- 

 ferred in another room adjoining. The old mint, and the 

 houfes belonging to the officers employed in the coin- 

 age, occupied nearly a third of the whole fortrefs, A yard, 

 to the right of the wellern entrance, contains the royal 

 menagerie. In the Spanifii Armory ars kept the trophies 

 of the celebrated victory over the Spanifli armada; the axe 

 with which the unfortunate Anne Bullen was beheaded; and 

 a reprefentation of queen Elizabeth, dreffed in the armour 

 file wore wlien flie addrelfed her army at Tilbury, in the year 

 15S8. The Small Armory, one of the finelt rooms of its 

 kind in Europe, contains complete Hands of arms for 

 upwards of 100,000 men, arranged in a moil elegant manner, 

 befides other curiofities. Under this armory is another very 

 noble room belonging to the royal train of artillery, where 

 many beautiful and uncommon pieces of cannon may be leeu. 

 The ?Iorfe Armory is filled withcuriofities of different kinds. 

 Anionic thefe are the figures of the kings of England oiihorfe- 

 back, chiefly drefled in the ancient armour. In the Jewel Of- 

 fice are preferved the imperial regalia, and all the crown jewels 

 worn by princes and princefics at coronations. Independently 

 of feveral, which are ineftimable, the value of the precious 

 ftones and plate in this office confiderably exceeds two mil- 

 lions flcrling. Thefe, as well as the government of the 

 whole Tower, are entrufted to thu care of an officer, called the 

 conftable of the Tower, who has under him a lieutenant, de- 

 puty-lieutenant, tower-major, gentleman porter, and a num- 

 ber of inferior officers. The garriion is compofed of a detach- 

 ment from the guards. The rifing ground adjacent to the 



Tower 



