LONDON. 



nnenled with the portraits of fevcral of the Judges. Each 

 fock-ty hns a good hbrary for the ufe of its ftudents. In the 

 trcafury cliambcr of tlie Middle Temple is preferved a great 

 quantity of ancient armour, which belonged to the Knights 

 Teinplars. The Temple cluirch belongs in common to 

 both fociirties, and is open for divine fervice twice every day. 

 The Knights Templars built a church qn this fcite, which 

 being deilroyed, the prefcnt edifice was ercfted by the 

 Knights Hofpita'lers. It is in the early pointed and late 

 circular ftyles of architefture, and,conlills of two diftinft 

 parts : at the we'.K-rn end is a fpacious round tower or velli- 

 b'.ile, forming a grand and fingular entrance to the church. 

 In this are the (Isttues of eleven Knights Templars. The 

 organ io elteemed one of the tineft in the world. Since the 

 time of Henry VIII. the fuperior clergyman of this church 

 is called the mailer of the Temple, ai»d is fo conftitutcd by 

 the king's letters patent. For an account of this church, 

 with ground plan and printf, fee Britton's Architetlural 

 Antiquities of Great Britain, vol. i. — Lincoln's Inn is fitu- 

 atcd on the weft fide of Chancery-lane. On its fcite an- 

 ciencly ftood a lioufe of the Black friars, and the palace 

 of the bifliops of Chichefter. The ground was afterwards 

 .granted to Henry Lacy, earl of Lincoln, from whom it de- 

 rives its name. It appears to have reverted to the bifliops ; 

 ior the prefent pofleiTors hold it as a grant fnSm a prelate of 

 that fee. Lincoln's Inn occupies a very extcnfive fpace : 

 the buildings are mollly old and irregular. An attempt has 

 -been made, but never completed, to rebuild the Inn on a 

 regular plan. A confiderable range, called the Stone 

 Building-, .faces the weft. This plan, the work of fir Ro- 

 •bert Taylor, is fimple and elegant in its exterior arcliitec- 

 ■ture ; and the chambers are on a grand and commodious 

 fcale. In the old part of the building are the hall and 

 chapel ; the firft of which is a fpacious room, in which the 

 lord chancellor holds feals and fittings out of term. At the 

 .upper end is a painting by Hogarth, of St. Paul before 

 Feli.x. The chapel, defigned by luigo Jones, is fpacious, and 

 raifed on large piers and arches, which form an open area 

 beneath, ufed as a burial-place for benchers only. The 

 .chapel is open for public worfiiip.every morning and evening. 

 The garden, which in lummer is open to the public, u 

 .fpacious, and forms one of the fineft promenades within the 

 capital. Lincoln's Inn has a good library, which contains 

 a great nuniber of manufcripts ; the greater part of which 

 was bequeathed by lord Hale, with a fingular injuntlion, 

 that no part ftiuuld ever be printed. Gray's Ii'.n is fituated 

 on the north fide of Holborn, and derives its name frum a 

 lord Gray, who refided here. In this Inn is a fmall neat 

 chapel, a commodious hall, and an extcnfive garden, with a 

 grove of large elm trees. The inns pf chancery, which are 

 dependent on the inns of court, are Furnival's Inn, an ap- 

 pendai;e to Lincoln's Inn : it is fituated on the north lide 

 of Ho born-hill, and wjs the manfion of fir William le Fur- 

 neval, in the time of Ricliard II. — Thavics Inn, alfo de- 

 pendent on Lincoln's Im: : the old fabric having been re- 

 *;entfy burnt down, a neat range of buildings is ef^fted on 

 its fcite, which is near .St. Andrew's church. Holborn. — 

 Staple Inn, fituated on the fouth fide of Holborn, and an 

 aj);)endage to G'^ay's Inn : in the hall are cafts of the twelve 

 C^fars, and portraits of Charles II., queen An^e, lord 

 Ivlaccbsfield, and the lords chancellors Cov»per and Cam- 

 .<len. — Barnard's Inn, fitua^led near Fetter-lane, Holborn, 

 .and a dt^endfnt on Grav's Inn.— Serjeant's Inn, in Chan- 

 cery-lane; it has a f;nall neat chapel, with feats for t!-.e 

 judges — Clifford's Inn, fituated near St. Dunftan's church, 

 f lect-ftreet, and an appendage to the Inner Temple : in the 



hall is an oak cafe, of very great antiquity.— Clement's Inn, 

 near St. Clement's church in the Strand, a dependent on 

 the Inner Temple : it contains an elegant hall, and a garden 

 kept with particular care, in which is a fun-dial, fupportcd 

 by a knechng figure of confiderable merit, brought from 

 Italy by lord Clare. — New Inn, adjoining to the laft men- 

 tioned, and an appendage to the Middle Temple. — Lyon's 

 Inn, fituated in Wycli Street, and belonging to the In- 

 ner Temple. For hiftorical and defcnptive particulars 

 of thefe eftablilhments and buildingf, the reader is referred 

 to Dugdale's "Origines Juridiciales," folio, i6So; Her- 

 bert's "Antiquities of the Inns of Court and Chancery," 

 8vo. 1804; and Lane's " Student's Guidp to Lincoln's 

 Inn," 8vo. 



General rerrinrh. — Before clofing this inlcrefting and im- 

 portant article, it feems proper to offer a very few re- 

 marks on the charailcriftic features of the metropolis, the 

 manners and condition' of its inhabitants, and the local 

 peculiarities by which it is diftinguiftied. Si'cli obferva- 

 tions, however, the reader will readily perceive muft be ex- 

 tremely general indeed. The fubjeft is too various and 

 comprchenfive to admit of full developement in a feftion, 

 fuch as the nature and limits of a work of this kind necef- 

 farily prefcribe. 



The vart extent of London, and its immenfe population, 

 cannot fail to ftrike every vifitor with wonder and aftonifh- 

 ment. Eventothofe who have previoudy refided in Paris, 

 or in any other large city, thefe circumftances alone muft; 

 be matter of furprife ; for not only is this city far more ex- 

 tcnfive than the imperial metropolis, but it contains at leaft 

 400,000 more perfons. Thefe, like the inhabitants of all 

 great trading cities, are a heterogeneous mafs, compofed of 

 foreigners from every town and province of the united king- 

 doms, with a large portion of Jews, both native a' d foreign, 

 Indians, Germans, French, Italians, Spaniards, Swifs, and 

 people of almoft eveiy nation in the world. From its im.- 

 menfe trade, foreign and internal, a conftant communication 

 is kept up with every part of the globe, as well as with every 

 part of our own dominions, both at home and abroad. The 

 quantity of property of every defcription flowing *into the 

 metropolis, and diftributed from it, is immenfe. The num- 

 ber of ftrangers conflantly here, either on bufinefs or for 

 pleafure, is fuppofcd to be not lefs than 100,000. Hence 

 the prodigio'-S concourfe of people in the ftreets, and the 

 nmnber of carriages, carts, and other vehicles, continually 

 crowding through them, are unparalleled in any city in the 

 world. 



London, in its iifual and more extcnfive application, con- 

 tains two cities, London and Weftminlter, befides the 

 borough of Southwark. The city of Weftminfter was for- 

 merly entirely detached from London, for the ftrect now 

 denominated the Strand was, at no very dillant period, a 

 fort of bog, or morafs, by which they v>ere feparated. The 

 mouarchs of England have, for feveral centuries, fixed upon 

 this city as their court relidence, and the feat of the legifia- 

 tive and judicial authorities. This portion of modern Lon- 

 don and its fuburbs have extended with more rapidity th^.n 

 any other diftrift of the town. Its buildings are in a 

 much fuperior ftyle of architeflure, and mere open and 

 regular in their dillributio^ and arrangement, than thofe in 

 the city of London. They are chiefly inhabited by the 

 nobility, gentry, and higher clafs of merchants, and though 

 perhaps even inferior in external appearance to the rell- 

 dences of the nobles in fome other countries, are no where 

 furpaffed. in internal fplendour and magnificence. Lond: n, 

 within the walls, is the great repolitory of the mercantile 



wealth. 



i 



