L O N 



L O N 



Long, Roger, an Englifli divine, and aftronomical pro- 

 fefTor, was born in 1679, received his college education at 

 Cambridije, and became mailer of Pembroke-hall, and 

 Lowndes's profefTor of aftronomy. He is chiefly known 

 as an author, by a Treatife on Allronomy, in two volumes; 

 the tlrll of which was publifhed in 1742, and the fecond in 

 1764. He was the inventor of a curious aftronomical ma- 

 chine, erected in a room at Pembroke-hall. This is a hollow 

 fphere about eighteen feet in diameter, in which thirty per- 

 fons may fit. The concave furface reprefents the heavens 

 with the ilars and conllellations in their order ; the axis is 

 placed parallel to the axis of the world, upon which it is 

 eafily turned by a winch. (See Constellation.) He 

 publilhed a Commencement Sermon, and an Anfxver to Dr. 

 Galley's pamphlet " On Greek Accents." He died in the 

 year 1770, at the age of eighty-one. 



Long, Thomas, a learned divine, was born at Exeter 

 in 162 1, and educated a: tlie college of that name in Oxford. 

 His highell preferment in the church was a prebend in 

 Exeter cathedral, of which he was deprived at the Revo- 

 lution for refuliiig the oaths. He died in 1700. He was 

 author of many theological pieces ; of a Life of Julian ; 

 Hiltory of all the Popiih and Fanatical Plots and Confpi- 

 racies ; and a Vindication of the Clain^- of King Charles L 

 to the Authorlhip of the Eikon Bafilike. 

 Long Accent. See Accent. 



Long Bay, in Geography, a bay on the E. coaft of Jamaica. 

 N. lat. 18" 8'. W. long. 76.— Alfo, a bay on the W. 

 coall of the illand. N. lat. 18' 20'. W. long. 78' 21'. 

 — Alfo, a bay on the S. coall of the fame ifland ; fix miles 

 E. of Callihafh bay. — Alfo, a bay of America, extending 

 along the (hore of N. and S. Carolina, from Cape Fear to 

 the mouth of Pedee river. — Alfo, a bay on the W. fide of 

 the ifland of Barbadoes.— Alfo, another on the S. fide of 

 the ifland. 



Long Boat, the largeft and ftrongelt boat belonging to a 

 fliip. See Boat. 



Long Hand. .See Long Hand. 



LoNG-^ornr-J Cattle, in Agriculture, a breed of neat cattle, 

 which is chiefly diftinguilhed by the length of the horn, the 

 thicknefs and firm texture of the hide, the length and clofe- 

 ncfs of the liair, the large fize of the hoof, and the coarfe 

 leathery thicknefs of the neck. It is fometimes termed 

 Lancalhire breed from its being predominant there. See 



C.VTTLE. 



L,0}iG-Jo!nlfJ, in the Manegt. A horfe is faid to be long- 

 jointed, whofe pallern is flender and pliant. I.,ong-iointed 

 horfes are wont to have wind-galls. 



Long Ifland, in Geography, an ifland in Pcnobfcot bay. 

 (See Isleborough.) — Alio, an ifland of America, on the 

 coaft of Main, 4 miles long and i^ wide. N. lat. 44^ 20'. 

 W. long. 68' 20'. — Alfo, an ifland near the S. coaft of Ja- 

 maica. N.lat. I7~ 51'. W. long. 76 58'. — Alfo, an illand 

 near the N. coaft of the ifland of Antigua. N. lat. 17 " 17. 

 W. long. 61^ 28'. — Alfo, an illand in Hudfsri's Straits. 

 N. lat. 61 . W. long. 75^. — Alfo, another in Hudfon's bay. 

 N. lat ^j" 16'. W. long. 78" 30'. — Alfo, a narrow ifland 

 about two miles in length, on the S. coaft of the county of 

 Cork, Ireland, in Roaring- water bay. It contains 3 16 acres 

 of Lnd. N. lat. yi" 26'. W. long. 9^ 27'. — Alfo, one of 

 the fmallcr Bermuda iflands. — Alio, a fmall ifland in the gulf 

 of Mexico, near the coaft of Eaft Florida. N. lat. 2^-50'. 

 Vv'. long. 82 55'. — Alfo, a fmall ifland near the coaft of 

 S. Carolina. N. lat. 32° jo'. W. long. 79 45. — Alfo, a 

 fmall ifland near the coall of Virginia, at the mouth of York 

 nvcr. N. lat. 37^ i5'. W. long. 76' 35'.— Alfoj a fmall 



ifland in the Atlantic, near the coafl of Brafil. S. lat. 16'' 

 30'. —Alfo, an ifland of America, formerly called " Man- 

 hattan," afterwards " NafTau ifland,' difcovcred by Henry 

 Hudfon, an Englifhman, in 16:9, and belonging to the ftate 

 of New York. It extends from Hudfon river, oppolite 

 to Staten ifland, almoft to the wcliern boundaries of the coall 

 of Rhode ifland, terminating with Montauk point; Its 

 length is about 140 miles, and its medial breadth from 10 to 

 14 miles ; and it is fcparated from Conncdicut by " Long 

 ifland Sound." It contains 1400 fquare miles, and is divided 

 into three counties, iiiz. King's, Queen's, and Suffolk ; 

 and thefe are again fubdivided into ly townfliips. The N. 

 fide of the ifland is rough and hilly, but the foil is well 

 adapted for raifing grain, hay, and fruit. The S. fide of 

 the ifland lies low, and its foil is light and fandy. On the 

 fea-coail are extenfive trails of falt-meadow, which extend 

 from Southampton to the W. end of the ifland. Never- 

 thelefs, the foil is well adapted to the cnlture of grain, 

 efpccially Indian corn. Near the middle of the ifland is 

 Hampftead plain, in Queen's county, which is ]6 miles 

 long, and about eight broad. This plain, the foil of which is 

 black, and apparently rich, yields naturally a particular kind 

 of wild grafs and a few flinibs ; but it produces fome rye, 

 and furnifhes, together with the fait marlhes, food for large 

 herds of cattle. On the E. part of the ifland, E. of 

 Hampftead plain, is a large barren heath, called Bnifliy 

 plain, overgrown with flirub oak, intermixed with a few 

 pine-trees, which afford harbour to wild deer and groufc. 

 In a bay on the S. fide of the ifland, vail quantities of oyllers 

 are taken, and alfo of bafs. The largelt river in the ifland 

 is Peakonok, which is but an inconfidcrable flream ; it run* 

 E. and difcharges itfelf into a large bay that feparates 

 Southhold from Southampton. In this bay are Robin and 

 Shelter iflands. Rockonkama pond lies about the centre of 

 the ifland, between Smith-town and Iflip ; it is about a 

 mile in circumference, and has been found to rife gradually 

 for feveral years, until it had arrived to a certain height, and 

 then to fall more rapidly to its lowctt bed ; and thuj it is 

 continually ebbing and flowing. Two miles to the fouth- 

 ward of the pond is a llream called Connefticut river, which 

 runs into the bay. There are two whale-fifheries ; one from 

 Soggharbour, which produces about loco barrels of oil an- 

 nually. The other is much fmaller, and is carried on by the 

 inhabitants in the winter feafon, from the S. fide ot the 

 ifland. They commonly catch from three to feven whales 

 in a feafon, which produce from 25 to 40 barrels of oil each. 

 This filhery was formerly a fource of^ coniiderable wealth 

 to the inhabitants, but on account of a fcarcity of whales, 

 it has of late years much declined. From Soggharbour to 

 the Well Indies and other places, there is a confiderable 

 trade in whale oil, pitch, piiiC-boards, horles, cattle, flax- 

 feed, beef, &c. The produce of the middle and we.lern 

 parts of I he ifland is carried to New York. The ifland 

 c ntains 42,097 iahabitants, of whom 3S93 are flaves. 

 (Morfe.) — Alfo, an ifland in Kolfton river, Teneflee, five 

 miles long, and containing z^oo acres of rich land, lubjccl 

 to inundations. Many boats are built here annu;iliy, and 

 loaded with the produce of the ftate for N-'w Orleans ; loa 

 miles above Knoxville, and 1000 from the mouth of the 

 Tenedee. — Alfo, a fmail ifland in the Ealt Indian lea, near 

 the W. coalt of Billiton. S. lat. 2 51'. E. long. 107' 

 30' — Alfo, a fmall ifland near the S.E. coaft of tlie ifland 

 of Madeira. S. lat. 7 16'. E. long. 113 5-'. — Alfo, 3 

 fmall ifland near the N. coaft of the ifland of Flores, S. lat, 

 8 6'. E. lonn-. 122 27'. — Alio, a fmall ifland in a bay on 

 the N. coaft ol New Guinea. S. ht. 104 . E. kng. 135"" 

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