L O N 



tiathn. 'the manfion, which (lands on an eminenee near 

 the river E(k, was erefted by the late Dr. Graham, about 

 the year 1760, but has been .much improved by the prefent 

 proprietxir. It is elegantly fitted up; and contains a va- 

 luable colh-fliou of ancient and modern medals, and a li- 

 brary fiirnifiicd with a feledtion of clafTic and other valuable 

 authors. The gardens and plcafure grounds are difpofed 

 with much talle and judgment. Beauties of England and 

 Wales, vol. iii. 



LONGUE', a town of France, in the 'department of tlie 

 Maine and Loire, and chief place of a caiiton, in the dif- 

 tria of Bau^e ; 10 miles S. of Bauge. The place contains 

 5003, and the canton 13,935 inhabitants, on a territory of 

 280 kiliometres, in 17 cominunas. 



LoNfll'E, a fmall ifland in the Indian fca ; 10 miles 

 N. of Mauritius. 



LONGUEiL, ClllU.STOiHF.11 DU, in r.lograhhy, born at 

 Mechlin'in 1488, was natural fon of Antony Jc Loirgned, 

 billiopof Leon, and chancellor of Anne, queen of Brctagnc. 

 He was taken to Paris while he was very young, and care- 

 fully educated in clalFical learning and the fcienccs. After 

 this he tludied the law, pratftifed in the profeffion, and ob- 

 tained the place of a counfellor in parliament. He travelled 

 into Italy, Spain, England, (iermany, and Switzerland, for 

 the purpofe of improvement. At Rome he made an ha- 

 rangue before pope Leo X., who highly admired his elo- 

 quence. He died at Padua, at the age of thirty-four. 

 His works confift of epiftles and harangues : they were pnb- 

 lithed at Paris in 1553, with his Hfe, by cardinal Pole. He 

 "acquired a great reputation among thofe i'cholars in that age 

 who were ambitious of being the clofe imitators of the ftyle 

 of Cicero, and were, on that account, termed Ciceronians. 

 Erafmus bellows great praifes on his genius and acquilitions, 

 but laments that all the force of his powers fliould have been 

 devoted to this one objeA. 



LoNGUEIL, in Gi-o^ra/^-.atowndiipof Glengary county, 

 in Upper Canada, being the fccond in aicending the Ottawa 

 river. 



LONGUEVAL, James, in Biography, a learned French 

 Jefuit, defcended from a family in humble hfe, was born 

 near Peronnc, in Picardy, in the year 1680. He was edu- 

 cated in grammar-learning at Amiens, and purfued his ma- 

 turer ftudies at Paris, where he was foon diftinguidied among 

 his fellow (Indents by his proficiency in learning. In the 

 year 1699, he entered into the foeiety of Jefuits, and after 

 he«had completed his tludies, he taught the belles-lettres 

 at the college of La Fleche with great applanfe, during 

 about five years, when he commenced his leftures i'n divinity 

 and the faered fcriptures. He died in the year 1735, at the 

 age of fifty-five. His reputation as a writer, is chiefty 

 founded on his elaborate hiilory of the Gallican church, of 

 which he lived to publiih eight volumes : thefe bring the 

 hiilory down to the year 1137. This work difplays pro- 

 found erudition and deep refearch, and is written in a beau- 

 tifully fimple ilyle. While he was engaged on this work he 

 was allowed an annual penfion of 800 hvres by the French 

 clergy, whole elleem he had fecured by his learned labours, 

 his piety, and the amiablenefs of his manners. The work, 

 afterwards completed by fathers'Brumoy and Berthier,made 

 18 v,>ls 4to. Morcri. 



LONGUEVILLE, in Geography, a town of France, 

 in t.he department of 'the Lower Seine, and chief place of a 

 canton, in tiie didricl of Dieppe; 9 miics S. of Dieppe. 

 The place contains 430, and the canton 7875 inhabitants, on 

 a territory of i3okihometrcs, in 29 communes. 



LONGUS, in Bio!;rafhy, author of a romance in Greek 

 prole, entitled "Pall orals," and relating to the loves of Daph- 



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nis and Chloc, is fuppofed tb have lived in the reign of TheO- 

 dolius the Great. His work is a curious fpecimen of that 

 kind of compofition in its fimpled form, and is faid to con- 

 tain many defcriptive beauties ; but fome of its fccncs are 

 fuch as the lowed modern vvriter would fcarccly venture to 

 paint. The bed editim is that of Villoifon, Gr. ct Lat. 8vo. 

 in two vols. Paris 1778. 



LoNGUS, Lnng, an epithet given by Anatomjls to a great 

 number of mufcles, hereby coiitradidinguidied from, brevis. 



LoNGUs Colli, prK-dorfo-alloidien of Dumas, is a mufcle 

 fituated on th* antirior and lateral parts of the bodies of the 

 three fir'l vertebtcC of the back, and the fix lad ef the 

 neck. It extends from the body of the third dorfal verte- 

 bra to th-e anterior arch of the atlas. It is elongated, 

 broad in the middle, and pointed at the ends. On the 

 front it is covered by the redlus capitis anti:us, the pharynx, 

 the carotid artery, the nerve of the eighth pair, and the ocfo- 

 phagUR. Its poderior fnrface co*ers the lateral portion of 

 the anterior furfacc of the bodies of the three iird dorfal, 

 and fix lad cervical vAtebra;, to which it is attached, as well 

 as to the intervertebral ligaments. It is alfo attached to 

 the front edge of the tr^nfverie proce(fes of the five lad 

 cervical vertebras ; and it covers the vertebral artery in 

 the intervals of tliefe procclfes. The outer edge of the 

 mnfcle is attached below to the bodies of the two fird dor- 

 fal vertebrse : here it is feparated from the anterior fcalenus 

 by an interval in which the vertebral artery and vein are 

 found. This margin is then fixed to the front of the tranf- 

 verl'e procelTes of the five lall cervical vertcbrx ; and it ia 

 unattache-d in the red of its extent. Tlie internal edge is 

 fixed to the longitudinal line, which may be oblervcd on 

 the front of the bodies of the two fiid dorfal, and the fix 

 lall cervical vertebra-. Between thefe bones it is attached 

 to the intervertebral ligaments. The inferior extremity is 

 attached to the front and lateral portion of the body of 

 the third dorfal vertebra : from this point it rifis nearly 

 parallel to that of the oppofite fide, bccwming larger as far 

 as the middle : then it gradually decrcafes to the fnperior 

 extremity. The latter, joined to theoppr.fite mufcle, is at- 

 tached to the tubercle of the anterior arch of the atlas. It 

 is rather difficult to develop the dnidure of this mufcle : 

 its flefliy fibres are placed obliquely between aponeurofes, 

 fome of which cover the anterior furface, both above and 

 below, v.ihile others are fituated in tlie fubttance of the mnl- 

 c!e. Thefe fibres are (hort, although the mufcle itftlf is 

 long. Its atlion inclines the neck forwards, and rcfids the 

 cfTarts which might tend to carry it backwards. 



LONGUY, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Orne, and thief place of a canton, in the 

 didrict of.Mortagne; 9 miles E. of Morfagne. The place 

 contains 1917, and the canton 7368 inhabitants, on a terri- 

 tory of 210 kiliometres, in 11 communes. 



LONGUYON, a town of France, .in the department of 

 the Mofelle, and chief place of a canton, in the didrlft of 

 Briey ; 7 miles S.W. of Longwy. The place, in which is 

 a confiderable iron forge and foundery of cannon, coytains 

 1532, and the canton 9^09 inhabitants, on a territory of 

 2377; kiliometres, in 26 commtmes. N. lat. /^9 37'. E.long. 



5 40'- 



LONGWY, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Mofelle, and chief place of a canton, inthcdidrift of Briey, 

 fituated on the Chiers. The place contains 20ll, and the 

 canton 10,743 inhabitants, on a territory of 2427. kiliometres, 

 in 35: comnuine.<;. Tliis place was merely a village, (nrrounded 

 with three ftiarp mountains, on which was built, by Louis 

 XIV. a new town, fortified by Vaubaii. N. lat. 49' 321'. 



E. long- 



