L O N 



L O N 



E. lont^. j" ;o'. — Alfo, 3 town of France, iathe department 

 of the Jura, on the Doubs ; 9 miles S. of Dale. 



LONHANKO, a town of the Birman empire ; 65 miles 

 N. of Munchaboo. 



LONICERA, in Botany, well known to every lover of 

 Britilh poetry by the name of Honeyliickle, or Woodbine, 

 received its name from Linnxus ; the Lon'icira of Plumier 

 beiiio- a Loranthus. This name is intended to commemorate 

 the merits of an old phyfician and naturalilt, who lived 

 durini; the middle of the fixteeiith century. Adam Lonicer, 

 a p'avlician at Frankfort, was born at Marbiirp, Oft. loth, 

 15:8, and died at the age of j8. He publilhed two vo- 

 lumes folio, in Latin, upon the Materia Medka ; and a 

 German Herbal, with wooden cuts, which are occafionally 

 to be met with rudely coloured. — Few plants are more ge- 

 nerally known, or admired, than feveral fpecies of Honey- 

 fuckle, whofe beauty is only exceeded by the exquifite deli- 

 cacy of their fragrancy. Like the riehell exotics they find 

 a place in every one's fancy, and though as common as al- 

 moll any other field or hedge plant, they have always been 

 held in the greatell eftimation. — Linn. Gen. 93. Schreb. 

 128. Willd.'^Sp. PI. V. 1.9S2. Mart.Mill. Di«. V. j.'Sm. 

 Fl. Brit. 260. Ait. Horc. Kew. ed. 2. v. i. 377. La- 

 marck Illullr. t. 150. (Caprifohum; Tournef. t. 378. Juff. 

 219. Gsertn. t. 27 — Periclymenum ; Tournef. t. 37S. — 

 Chamascerafus ; Tournef. t. 379 — Xylofteon ; Tournef. 

 t. 379. Juff. 212. — Diervilla ; Tournef. Aft. 1706. t. 7. 

 f. J. Dill. Gen. App. 154. JulT. 211. — SympUoricarpos; 

 Dill. Hort. Ekh. 273. Juff. 211. — Clafs and order, Pen- 

 tiinilna Munngynia. Nat. Ord. jignregatie, Linn. Capri- 

 fulia, Julf. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth fuperior, five-cleft, fmall. Cor. 

 of one petal, tubular ; tube oblong, gibbous ; hinb in five 

 revolutc fegments, one of which is more deeply feparated. 

 Stam. Filaments five, awl-fliaped, about as long as the co- 

 rolla J anthers oblong. Pijl. Germen inferior, roundifh : 

 ilyle threadlhaped, the length of the corolla ; iligma ob- 

 tufely capitate. Peric. Berry umbilicate, of two cells. Seeds 

 roundirti, compreffcd. 



Obf. The fynonyms above quoted are all referred by 

 Linnieus and fucceeding writers to Lon'icera, by whom the 

 generic names of Tournefort and DiUenius are retained for 

 the fake of dillinguifi-iing the feveral fpecies originally fo 

 called. We find the following remarks upon their differ- 

 ences in the Genera Plantarum. — CapiifoUum has the lower 

 fegm.ciit of the limb feparated twice as deeply as the reft, 

 and the berries diftinft. — Periclymenum has all the divifions 

 of the corolla equal ; the berries alio diltinft. — Chamxcerajus 

 has the lower divifion of the corolla twice as deeply cut, 

 with two berries feated upon the fame bafe. — Xylojlcen has 

 the djvifioas of the corolla almolt equally feparated, and twb 

 berries on the fame bafe. In Symphoricarpos, the corolla is 

 nearly bell-lliaped ; the fruit fimple, two-celled, feeds fo- 

 litary. 



L. alplgena and csrulea are remarkable for having one 

 germen tor two florets, as in Mhchclla. 



FIT Ch. Corolla of one petal, irregular. Berry infe- 

 rior, of two cells, w'ith feveral feeds. 



Thirteen fpecies of Lon'icera are defcribed in the Species 

 Pl/intan/m o( L.mnxus, fixteen in the Sy/l. /^-_j. ed. 14, and 

 twenty by Wiljuenow. The genus is divided into three 

 feftioiis, from which we have fel^fted tlie following exam- 

 ples. Some of thefe feftions, as it will appear, compre- 

 fiend, each of them, more than oneof Tournefort's fuppofed 

 genera. 



•Jeft. I. PericlynKna, ftem twining. 



J^. Caprifoltwn, Pale peffoliate lioncyfuckle. Linn. 



Sp. PI. 246. Engl. Bot. t. 799. Jacq. Auflr. t. sj;.. 

 — Flowers ringent, whorled, terminal. Leaves deciduous ; 

 the uppermofl united and perfoliate. — Firft known as a na- 

 tive of this country from being found by the Rev. Mr. 

 Relhan at Hinton near Cambridge. It flowers in May or 

 June. — Stem fhrubby, woody, twining. Branches ncdAy op- 

 pofite, round, fmootb. Almoll all tlie leaves are combined, 

 elliptical, obtufe, entire, fniooth, rather glaucous beneath ; 

 the upper ones in united perfoliate pairs, fomewhat orbicu- 

 late, accompanying the flowers. Flowers in whorls, fpreaJ- 

 ing, yellowifli, with a ilefh-coloured tube, very fragrant. 

 Berries of an orange red, crowned by the almoft entire 

 calyx. 



L. Periclymenum. Common Honcyfuckle, or Wood- 

 bine. Linn. Sp. Pl. 247. Engl. Bot. t. 800. Curt. Lond. 



falc. I. t. 15. Fl. Dan. t. 90b Heads of flowers ovate, 



imbricated, terminal. Leaves all feparate, deciduous. Co- 

 rolla ringent. — Found almoil univerfally in groves and 

 hedges, flowering in June and July, occafionally in the a.\i- 

 tmxin.— Ste/n fhrubby, woody, twining. Branches oppofite, 

 round. Lea-jcs oppofite, on very fhort footilalkj, elliptical, 

 entire, fometimes pubcfcent, glaucous beneath. Flonuert 

 in a terminal head, fpreading in a radiate manner, yellowifh- 

 white, and blufii-colourcd, very fragrant, and more particu- 

 larly fo early in the evening. Berries red, crowned with, 

 the five-toothed calyx, bitter, with a fweetifh flavour. — 

 Dr. Smith obferves that this fpecies is liable to many va- 

 riations in the different degrees of fmoothnefs or hairineft 

 of its leaves, fruit, and younger branches ; and that, by the 

 coaft, its flowers are often quite green. — A remarkable va- 

 riety fometimes occurj with finuatcd, variegated leaves, called 

 the Oak-leaved Honeyfuckle. 



Setl. 2. Chamacerafa, Stalks bearing two flowers. 



L. Xylo/leum. Upright Honeyfuckle. Linn. Sp. PI. 248. 

 Engl. Bot. t. 916. — Stalks two-flowered. Berries diflinc\. 

 Leaves entire, downy. — Admitted as an Englifh plant by 

 Dr. Smith fince the publication of his Flora, on the autho- 

 rity of Mr. W. Borrer, who found it " growing plentifully, 

 and certainly wild, in a coppice calked the Hacketts, to the 

 eaft of Houghton-bridge, four miles from Arundel, SufTex." 

 It flowers in July. — Stem upright, bulhy, much branched. 

 Leaves oppofite, on footllalkf, ovate, clothed with foft 

 hairs, deciduous. Flozvers inodorous, in pairs, on folitary, 

 axillary (lalks, fhorter than the leaves, yellowifli-white, 

 tinged with red, downy. Berries oval, red, containing fix or 

 more feeds. 



L. can/lea. Blue-berried upright Honeyfuckle. Willd. 

 n. 14. Pall. Rofi". v. I. p. I. 58. t. 37. Jacq. Aullr. App. 

 t. 17. — Two flowers on a ilalk. Berries united, globular. 

 Styles undivided. — A native of Switzerland, Auflria, Sibe- 

 ria, and the iflands adjacent to America. It flowers in the 

 fpring. — Stems three or four feet high. Branches flender, 

 covered with a fniooth, purplilh bark, /"/oitifrj- white, two 

 on a flalk. Berries of a beauiiful blue colour, Gngle and 

 diilipft. — The wood of L. ccirulca is very hard, and hand- 

 fonuly veined with grey and pale yellow. The juice of the 

 berry flains paper of a llrong purple colour, and might per- 

 haps be ufeful in dyeing. — The buds of tiiis flirub fland three 

 together, one above another, bei;ig provided Icr three years 

 beforehand. v 



Sec\. 3. Stcmereft. Stalks many-flowered. 



L. Symphoricarpos. Shrubby St. Peter's-worc. Li:in. 

 Sp. PI. 249. (Symphoricarpos foliis alatis ; Dill. Elth. 

 371. t. 278. f. 360.) — Heads of flowers lateral, on fout- 

 Italks. Leaves nearly feffile. — A native of Virginia and 

 Carolina, where it flowers in the autumn. — Stem aboyt 

 four feet hi^h, feuding forth many fleuJer Lrar.chci. Leavfi 

 3 E 2 oppolitx% 



