LOR 



Cipede, under the name « Lopliie faiijaj :" body flat, orbi- 

 cular, and covered with numerous fmall tubercles tipped 

 with divided or radiated fpines ; hind part contratting fud- 

 denly, covered with funilar fpines, and terminated by the tail 

 fin, which is of a moderate fize, and (lightly rounded ; 

 pedoral fins larsre, and fituated lower than tliofe in the com- 

 mon an^jler. It is about four inclies in length. 



LOPO, in Gsography, a lake of Thibet, about iS miles 

 long and nine broad. N. lat 42" 20'. E. long. 89' 52'. 



LOPPED Milk, in Rural Economy, fuch as has flood 

 till it becomes four and curdled. 



LOPPEN, in Geography, a fmall idand in the North fca, 

 near the coall of Lapland. N. lat. 69" 43'. 



LOPPING, in Rural Economy, the operation of cutting 

 off the lateral or other branches of trees. Mod eld trees 

 are found hollow within, which frequently proceeds from the 

 fault of thofe who have the management of them, by fuffer- 

 ing tlie tops to gro.v too large before they are lopped ; and 

 this is common in the afh, elm, hornbeam, &c. It is done 

 in order to have more great wood ; but the cutting off great 

 tops often endangers the life of the trees, or wounds them, 

 fo that they yearly decay more in their bodies than the an- 

 nual value of the tops ; hence it is to the lofs of the owner 

 to have them fo managed ; and though the hornbeam and 

 elm will bear great tops, when the body is little more than 

 a ihcll, the aili, when it comes to take wet at the head, and 

 decays, rarely bears any more top. When timber trees of 

 thi-i kind begin to decay, they ftiould be cut down as foon 

 as poflible. 



But the lopping of trees at ten or twelve years old, in 

 general, preferves them much longer, and occafions the 

 ihoots to grow more into wood in one year than they do m\ 

 old tops in two or three. As great boughs, ill taken off, 

 fpoil trees, they.iliould always he taken off clofe and fmooth, 

 and not in a flanting manner, as is a common prailice. The 

 wood fhould be covered with loam and horfe-dung mixed, or 

 fome of Mr. Foriyth's compofition, to prevent the wet from 

 entering the bodies of the trees, and deitroying them by 

 bringing on the rot. 



When trees are at full growth, the fitjns of their decay 

 are the withering or dying of many of their top branches, 

 and the wet entering at fome knots, or their being otherwife 

 hollow or difcoloured; alfo by their making but poor ihoots, 

 and the woodpeckers making holes i;i them. 



The above method of lopping of trees is only, however> 

 proper for pollard-trees ; nothing being more injurious to 

 the growth of timber trees than lopping or cutting off great 

 branches from them. Miller obferves, that whoever wiil be 

 at the trouble of trying the experiment upon two trees of 

 equal age and fize, growing near each other, by lopping or 

 cutting off the ilde branches from one of them, and futfer- 

 ing all the branches to grow upon the other, will in a few 

 years find the latter to exceed the former in growth in every 

 ■way, and not decay nearly fo focn. 



It is generally recommended not to prune timber trees at 

 all ; and, where they naturally grow ilraight and regular, 

 they are much better let alone. But all common fat;!ts in 

 (i-.ape may be regulated by lopping them while young, with- 

 out any ill confequences to the timber. 



The very large foreft trees fnould not be lopped at all, ex- 

 cept in cafes of great necelTity, a:>d then orjy the fide 

 branches iliould be removed, which muft be done as clofe to 

 the trunk as poffible. The mofl proper feafons for the per- 

 formance of this fort of bufinefs are thole of the very early 

 autumn and fpring months, in moft inftances. 



It may be obferved that moit forts of refi.ious trees, or (uch 



LOR 



as abound with a milky juice, (hould be lopped very fparirg'. 

 ly, as they are fubjeil to decay when often lopped, or cut 

 •ver in their branches. The bed feafon for lopping thofc 

 kinds of trees is the latter end of fummer, or beginning of 

 autumn ; they thep feldom bleed much, and the wounds are 

 commonly healed over before the weather fcts in to be bad 

 and fevere. 



But very few forts of ornamental trees fliould be much 

 lopped, as it greatly injures their beauty and appearance. 

 The only thing neceffary is to take off fuch ftraggling 

 branches as may grow out in an awkward or improper di- 

 rection, and render them Icfs ornamental. See Pkuxixg o/" 

 trcis. 



LOPPIS, in Geography, a town of Sweden, in the pro- 

 vince of Nyland ; 36 miles N.N.W. of Helfingfors. 



LOPSCHENSKOI, a town of Ruflla, in the govern- 

 ment of Archangel, on the coaft of the Wliite fea; 60 miles 

 W. of Archangel. 



LORA, a town of Spain, in the province of Seville^ 

 eight miles N.'of Carmona.^ — Alfo, a town of Chili, on a 

 river of the fame nam.e, which runs into the Pacific ocean, 

 S. lat. 34° 46'; 105 miles S. of Valparaifo. 



LORAH, a town of Hindooilan, in Baliar ; 25 miles 

 W.S.W. of Rotangur. 



LORANCA, a town of Spain, in New Caftile ; eight 

 miles S. of Hucta. 



LORANGA, a rirer of Africa, which runs into the 

 ftraits of Mozambique, 8. lat. 17^30'. 



LORANTHUS, in Botany, from Xi-j-oi, ajlrap or /hcnj, 

 and 04/70,-, ajlower, alluding to the long linear (hape, and 

 leathery fubftance, of the petals. Linn. Gen. ijj'. Schreb. 

 233. Willd. Sp. PI. V. 2. 232. Mart. Mill. Did. v. 3. 

 .Tulf. 212. Lamarck Dift. v. 3. 594. lUuilr. t. 258. 

 Jacq. Amer. 97. (Lonicera; Gosrtn. t. 27.) — Clafs and 

 order, Hexandria Monogyiiia. Nat. Ord. ^ggregaU, Linn. 

 C af'nfolia, JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Cah Perianth fuperior, a fmall, concave, en- 

 tire rim. Cor. Petals fix, oblong, revoiute, equal. Slam. 

 Filaments fix, awl-(haped, growing at the bafe of the 

 petals, the length of the corolla ; anthers oblong. Pifl. 

 Germen inferior, oblong, crowned with the permanent 

 calyx ; ftyle fimple, as long as the ftan ens ; fligma obtufe. 

 Pcric. Berry oblong, of one cell. Seeti oblong. 



EIT. Ch. Germen inferior. Corolla lix-cleft, reyolute. 

 Stamens at the tips of the peta's. Berry fingle-feeded. 



Obf. L. curopiiis differs from the other Ipecies in hav- 

 ing dioecious flowers, and L. p'nlar.drus in having its flowers 

 five-cleft half way dowr, with five ttamens. 



Loranlhus con(\A.i oi parafitical ilirubs, which are chiefly 

 tropica], and many of them extremely beautiful. Linnsus 

 enumerates eleven, in his fourteenth edition of the Sy7. V:g. 

 and Willdeaow has twenty-fix, feme of which are ado;;ttd 

 from Swartz. Lamarck a'fo, as he himfelf juftly afferts, 

 has made us acquainted with feveral new fpecies not before 

 known, and many have bren found fince in New Holland, 

 which will doubtlefs be defcribed by Mr. Brown. — The 

 leaves in the whole genus are oppofitc, coriaceous or flelhy, 

 and entire, rarely veiny. Infloitfcence lateral, compound, 

 motlly racemofe or fomewhat corymbofc. Petals long, co- 

 hering in an early (late, fo as to form an apparent tube, their 

 colour generally red, orange or yellow. The following may 

 ferve to illu'lrate the genus. 



L. europsus. Limi, Sp. Pl. 1672. Jacq. Auftr. t. _;c. 

 — Chillers fimple, ter.minal. Fli»wtrs dioecious.— Found ai 

 a parafite upon oaks, in Aullria, Hungary, and Moravia, 

 alfo, according to Palhs, in Siberia. It bears flowers in 

 Apjil and May, and perfeds its fruit in Oftober. Stnm 

 3 F 2 very 



