LOR 



LOS 



principal command. He was a bitter enemy to the re- 

 formers of the age, and promoted feveral fevere and cruel ediils 

 at^ainft them. He made the utraofl efforts in his power to in- 

 troduce into his own country tlie infernal inquifition ; a point 

 which he would probably have carried, bi3t for the oppofi- 

 tion of the excellent chancellor de I'Hopital, fecondcd by 

 the good fenfe and temper of the people. During the fhort 

 reign of Francis II. the cardinal ufurped and maintained a 

 moft defpotic authority : but he was equally zealous for his 

 own fame as he was for the honour of the Catholic religion. 

 At the conference of Poiffy between the two , religious 

 parties, he gained fome reputation, at leaft with thofe who 

 felt it their intereft to flatter him, by his eloquence in re- 

 futing the learned Beza ; but it was not very difficult to 

 confound the antagoniit, wJio had truth aad net power on 

 his fide, and whofe reafoning was treated as blafphemy. 

 The cardinal was likewife ambitious of the praifc of pulpit 

 eloquence, and preached feveral times at Paris before large 

 audiences ; and the violence of his difcourfes againfl the 

 Proteftants led the people to regard him as one of the prin- 

 cipal authors of the furious civil wars under Charles IX., 

 crowned by the horrid mafTacre of St. Bartholomew's. He 

 was remarkably fond of fhow, and appeared with fplendour 

 at the council of Trent ; at which, it is reported, Pius V., 

 who denominated him " the little pope beyond the moun- 

 tains," did not wifh for his prefence. The death of his 

 brother, the duke, diminillied his confequenee ; and he 

 found it necelTary to relax in the vigour with which he be- 

 gan in maintaining the interefts of the Gallican church. 

 During the reign of Charles IX. he was the minifter of 

 ftate, and alfo ambafTador to the court of Spain. On the 

 accelSon of Henry III. he went to meet that prince at 

 Avignon, on his way from Poland ; and, in a religious pro- 

 ceflion, placed himfelf at the head of the " blue penitents." 

 This was the laft fhow in which he figured, being at the 

 time feized with a fever, which terminated his life in De- 

 cember 1754, in the fiftieth year of his age. It is difficult 

 to draw the character of this cardinal. His enmity to the 

 Proteftants caufed him to be the object of much party fatire 

 and reproach. 'They probably exaggerated his failings and 

 immoralities : but making due aUowance for the effeft 

 of private enmities, itill it mull be admitted he was a man 

 of exceedingly licentious habits, and who expecled, per- 

 haps, to bury his faults by his zeal for the church, or by an 

 excels of oftentatious alms-giving. " He was accuflomed," 

 fays one of his biographers, " to carry a great leathern 

 purfe, which his valet-de-chambre took care to fill every 

 morning with three or four hundred crowns ; and as many 

 poor as he met, he put his hand into his purfe, and gave 

 them a handful of money without counting. But if he were 

 prodigal m his alms, he was not lefs fo in gifts to other 

 perfons, and efpecially to the ladies, whofe favours he 

 readily procured by this bait ; and it was afferted that there 

 were very few, married or fingle, frequenting the court at 

 that time, who were not debauched by the largefTes of the 

 cardinal." By Maimbourg it is afferted, that the cardinal 

 was the boldeft of men in forming mighty fchemes in his 

 clofet, but the weakcll and moll timid when they were put 

 into execution. He was venei-aled by the clergy as the 

 guardian of their immunities ; by the Catholics in general, 

 as the champion of their faith. Verfed in the wiles of 

 courts, fruitful in expedients, and eloquent in debate, he 

 was too readily elated by fuccefs, and too eafily depreffed 

 by defeat. His perfonal courage was ever a fubjeft of 

 doubt ; his vindictive temper was at all times dreaded ; and 

 the diffolute pleafures of his private vied with the prefump- 

 VoL. XXI. 



tiou of his pubhc conduct.. Some of his literary compofu 

 tions have been printed : they confift chiefly of harangues on 

 public occafions. Hiftory of Franc?, ' London, 1700. 

 Bayle. Moreri. 



LORRES, in Geography, a town of France,*in the de- 

 partment of the Seine and Marne, and chief place of a can- 

 ton, in thedillrift of Fontainebleau. Theplace contains 610, 

 and the canton 9193 inhabitants, on a territory of 2577', kili- 

 ometres, in 18 communes. 



LORRIS, William de, in Biography, a French poet, 

 who flourifhed about the middle of the thirteenth centurv, is 

 known as the author of the " Roman de la Rofe," a poem 

 much in requefl in the middle ages. Under the allegory of a 

 rofe-tree, planted in a delicious gardtn, and protected by bul- 

 warks, it defcribes a lover's purfuit, and final acquifition 

 of the objeft of his paffion. He did not live to finifh his 

 work : it was completed in the' next century by John de 

 Meun. The part by Lorris, though the fhorteft, is by much 

 the moft poetical, abounding in rich and elegant defcription, 

 and in lively portraiture of allegorical perfonages. The beft 

 edition of this poem is that of the Abbe de Len^^let, three 

 vols. i2mo. 1735. Chaucer tranflated that part which be- 

 longed to Lorris. Gen. Biog. 



Lorris, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Loiret, and chief place of a canton, in the 

 diftriclof Montargis ; 12 miles S.W. of Montargis. The 

 place contains 1526, and the canton 6528 inhabitants, on a 

 teri-itory of 2:5 kihometres, in 13 communes. 



LORRY, Anse-Charles, in Biography, a learned phy- 

 fician, was born at Crofny, near Paris, in 1723. He ftudied 

 and praftifed his profeffion with unremitting zeal and pecu- 

 liar modefty, and obtained a high reputation. In 1748 he 

 was admitted doftorof the faculty of medicine at Paris, and 

 fubfequently became doftor-regent of the faculty. He was 

 author of feveral works, fome of which ftiH maintain their 

 value. His firft publication was entitled " Eflai furl'Ufage 

 des Ahmens, pour fervir de Commentaire aux livres diete- 

 tiques d'Hippocrate," Paris, 1753, i2mo. ; the fecord 

 part of which appeared in 1757. His next publication was 

 an edition of the Aphorifms of Hippocrates, Greek and 

 Latin, in 17J9. Afterwards he produced a treatife " De 

 Melancholia et Morbis Melanchohcis," ibid. 1765, in two 

 volumes 8vo. and edited Dr. Aftruc's " Memoirespour fer- 

 vir a I'Hiftoire dela Faculte de Medecine de Montpellier," 

 ibid. 1767, 4to. ; and " Sanftorii de Medicina Statica," 

 with a commentary, 1770, in i2mo. His laft work, which 

 combined the merits of mncli erudition and accurate obfer- 

 vation, with great clearnefs of arrangement and perfpicuity- 

 of language, was "Traftatus de Morbis Cutaneis," Paris, 

 1777, in 4to. Dr. Lorry alfo edited a Latin edition of the 

 works of Mead, and a French one of Barker's differtation 

 on the conformity of the doftrines of ancient and modem 

 medicine. He died at the baths of Bourbonne, in 178? 

 Eloy Did. Hift. de la Med. Gen. Biog. 



LORSQUEN, in Geography, a town of France, in 

 the department of the Meurthe, and chief place of a can- 

 ton, in the diftricl of Sarrebourg ; four miles S.S.E. of 

 Sarrebourg. The place contains 11 64, and' the canton 

 13,680 inhabitants, on a territory of 390 kiliometres, in 

 29 communes. 



LORUNGAH, a pafs in the mountains of Bengal; iS 

 miles W. of Ramgur. 



LORY, in Ornithology. See PsiTTACUS Garrulus, Sac. 



LOS Reye-s. See Lima — Alfo, the chief town of the 

 province of Uragua, in the eaft divifion of Paraguay, in 

 South America. 



5 G Los 



