LOU 



LOU 



1 2mo. : "CoursdeChirurg !e pratique furies plaiesd'armes a remedy) is very little more than a pour:d flerllne. I« 



feu," ibid. 1746,410.: " Obfervatioiis et Remarques fur lySjand 1786, all tlic gold coins in France \vere called iti 



les efFets du virus cancereux," &c. ibid. 174.8: " Pofitiones and ordered to be melted down ; and a new coinage took 



Anatomico-chirurgicE de capite ejufque vulneribue," ibid, place, at the rate of 52 Louis d'ors to the mark of the fame 



J 749 : " Lettre fur la certitude des fignes de la mort, avec degree of finenefs, with the fame allowances for remedy a9 



des obfervations et des experiences fur les noyes," ibid, above. Accordingly, the double Louis coined fince 1786 



1749, l2mo. He attributed the death of perfons drowned 

 to the entrance of water into the lungs, which farther ex- 

 perience has difproTed. " Experiences fur la Lithotomie," 

 1757, in which he exprefled his difapprobation of the bif- 

 touri cache of Frere C6me. " Meinoire fur une queftion 

 anatomique, rclatif a la jurifprudence,'' &c. 1763. This 

 memoir, written after the (hocking affair of Caias, was in- 

 tended to eltablifti the diitinftion of the appearances after 

 voluntary death by hanging, and after murder by that mode. 

 " Memoire fur Ja legitimite des naiffances pretendues tar- 

 dives," 1764, in 8vo ; in which the author maintains that 

 the retardation of parturition beyond the natural period of 

 geftation, i. e. more than ten davs beyond the ninth month, 

 is phyfically impolTible. He publifhed a fupplement to this 

 treatife in the fame year. " Rccueil d'Obfervationes d'A- 

 natomie et de Chirurgie, pour fervir de bafe a la Theorie 

 des lelions de la tete par contrecoup," 1766 : " Hiftoire de 

 I'Acauemie Royale de Chirurgie depuis fon etabliflement 

 jufqu'en 174:;," printed in the fourth volume of the me- 

 moirs. His lalt pubUcation was a tranflation of M; Aftruc's 

 work " De Morbis Venereis," into French. In addition 

 to thefe \vsorks, M. Louis alfo tranflated Boerhaave's Apho- 

 rifms of Surgery, with Van Swieten's Commentary ; and 

 wrote feveral eulogies on deceafed members of the Academy 

 of Surgery, and various controvcrfial tracts, efpecially con- 

 cerning the difputes between the phyficians and furgeons of 

 Paris m i 748 &c. Eloy Dift. Hift. Gen. Biog. 



Loui.s, Lewis, Louis d'or, or Lewidore, a French coin, 

 firft (truck in 1641, under the reign of Louis XHI. and 

 which has fince had a confiderable currency. 



Louis d'ors, at iirft, were valued at ten livres, afterwards 

 at eleven, and at length ?t twelve and fourteen. In the 

 latter end of the reign of Louis XIV. they were riien to 

 twenty, and in the beginning of that of Louis XV. to 

 tmrty and thirty-(ix, nay forty and upwards ; with this 

 difference, how-ever, that in the la(l coinings the weight 

 was augmented in fome proportion to the price, which in 

 the former reign was never regarded. The Louis d'ors 



weighed 9 dwt. 20 gr. contained 212.6 gr. of pure gold,' 

 and was valued at i/. 17^. 8^. Ilerling : the Louis wei<'hed 

 4 dwt. 22 gr. contained of pure gold 106.3 g""- and^wai 

 valued at i8j. lod. (lerling. The intrinfic value of this 

 new Louis d'or (allowance being made for remedy) is 

 i8.f. 9j</. fterling; and 1/. (lerling =: 25 livres, 10 fous 

 ToLfrnois, in gold. Louis d'ors may be confidered as a 

 current coin in moll parts of the continent ; but in Eng- 

 land they are fold merly as merchandize, and their price 

 has fluftuatcd from lis. 6d. to 21^. fterling. 



On one fide of the coin is the king's head, with his 

 name and title, thus : lud. xvi. d.g. fu. et n.4V. 

 BE.K. ;. e. Louis XVI. king of France and Navarre ; on 

 the reverfe, the arms of France and Navarre, with a crown 

 over them. On the pieces coined before 1786, there are 

 two diftinft fhields ; and on thofe coined fince 1786, a 

 double fiiield: the legend is, CHR. regn. vi.nc. i.mper. 

 i. e. Chrill reigns, conquers, governs : under the arms is a 

 letter, by which the mint where the piece was coined is dif- 

 tinguiihed. The double and half Louis bear the fame irtl- 

 prefTion. 



There are alfo white Louifes, or Louis d'argent, fome 

 of 1 20, others of 60 fols a piece, called alfo ecus ; and 

 among us French crowns, half-crowns, So:. The old ecus, 

 coined before 1726, were coined at the rate of 9 pieces 

 to the mark of 10 deniers 22 grains fine : thefe, like the 

 Louis d'ors of the fame period, after they had ceafed to be 

 current in France, ftill prcferved a fixed value in fome parts 

 of Germany ; but they are now fcarcely in circulation. In 

 1726, the coinage of ecus was regulated, and continued 

 without alteration, as follows: 8,i. ecus of 6 livres, or 

 i6i ecus of 3 livres, were to be coined from a mark of 

 iilver 1 1 deniers fine, with a remedy of 36 grains per mark 

 in the weight, and i of a denier in the alloy : and their 

 intrinfic value is (allowance being made for remedy) 4^. ()\d. 

 (lerling; or, i/. ilerUng z= 25 livres, 3 fous Tournois,*in 

 filver. 



Qn the one fide of thefe is the king's head, and on the 



coined before 1726, which then pafTed for 20 livres, were other the French arms, with tliis legend, " Sit nomen Do 



^ ' ' '' '' mini benedittum." 



The Louis d'or is a gold coin of Malta. The 

 double, fingle, and half Louis d'ors are coined by the 

 grand mailer Rohan, z%. 20, 10, and 5 fcudi, copper or 

 current money. The double Louis weighs 10 dwt. 

 16 gr., contains of pure gold 215.3 g""-' ^"'i 's valued at 

 1/. iSj. \\d. (lerling. The Louis weighs 5 divt. 8 gr., 

 contains of pure gold 108 gr., and is valued at 19^. i^/. 

 fterling. The demi-!ouis weighs 2 dwt. 16 gr., contains 

 of pure gold 54.5 gr., and is valued at gj. -%d fterling. 

 The finenefs of the gold coins of Malta undergoes great 

 variation. Kelly's Univerfal Cambill. 



Louis, Knights of St., is the name of a royal and military- 

 order, inllituted by Louis XIV., in addition to that of 



coined at the rate of 7,Gj per French mark of gold 

 carats fine : the remedy in the weight was 14 grains per 

 mark, and the remedy in the alloy one-fourth of a carat. 

 Thefe cealed to be a legal coin in France as far back as 

 1726 ; but they Hill continued to circulate through many 

 parts of Germany and Switzerland, where they had a fixed 

 value, and were known by the name of " Old Louis d'ors : " 

 of theie few are now in circulation. From the year 1726 to 

 1785, Louis d'ors were coined at the rate of 30 to the mark 

 of gold, 22 carats fine, with a remedy of 15 grains in the 

 weight, and ij of a carat in the alloy. Accordingly be- 

 fore 1786, the double Louis weighed 10 dwt. 1 1 gr. con- 

 tained in pure gold 224.9 gr. and was valued at i/. igs. gld. 

 fterling : the Louis weighed j dwt. ^i gr. contained in pure 

 gold Ii2.4gr. and was valued at i()s. 



... 19^. I oi J. (lerling : and " Chriftian charity," which had been founded by Henry III. 



the demi-louis weighed 2 dwt. 14^ gr. contained in pure gold king of France, in 1693, in favour of the maimed oificers 



56.2 gr. and was valued at gs. ilid. fterling. Thefecoins and foldiers of his army, who had fignalized thcmfelves in 



ceafed to be current m France in 1786. In Holland, Ger- the fervice. This order confided of eight great crofles, and 



many, &c. they were called " New Louis d'ors," by way of twenty-four commanders, befides the king, who was grand 



diftinction from thofe which we have before mentioned ; mailer, the dauphin always invefted with it, and the trea- 



though thefe are now become the old ones. The intrinfic furer, recorder, and uflicr. The badge of the order was 



value of fuch a Louis d'or (making the full allowance for " a crofs of eight points enamelled white, edo-ed with crold • 

 Vot. XXU J I ° " ^ n' 



