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by James I. In the year 1801, the inhabitants of Louth, 

 as appears by the return under the population afl, were 

 4236, and the number of houfes qj-jO ; but a confiderable 

 increafe has been made fince that time. A carpet and 

 blanket manufaftory has been recently eilablidicd here, and 

 is now in a very profperous (late ; here is alfo a large manu- 

 factory of foap, and a mill for making coarfe paper. In 

 the year 1761 an aft was obtained for cutting a canal between 

 Louth and the North fea. It commences about half a mile 

 from the town, and keeps parallel with the Ludd, which 

 fupplies it with water ; leaving the river about four miles 

 from the town, it fweeps to the north and joins the fea at a 

 place called Tetney lock. The undertaking cod iz.ooo/., 

 which brings in very good intcreft. By this channel velTels 

 of confiderable burthen regularly trade to London, Hull, 

 and feveral parts of Yorklhire, carrying out corn and wool, 

 and bringing home timber, coals, grocery, &c. In Louth 

 and its vicinity are various fprings of a very peculiar nature, 

 worthy of inveftigation by the philofopher and chemift. 



About a mile from tlie town is the fcite of Louth Park 

 abbey, which was built by Alexander, bilhop of Lincoln, in 

 the year 1139, and appropriated to Cillercian monks. In 

 the time of Henry III. this houfe contained 66 monks and 

 150 converts or labourers. Beauties of England and Wales, 

 vol. ix. See alfo an account of Louth Church and Plan of 

 the Town, publifhed by Mr. T. Efpin, a refpcftable fchool- 

 mafter of Louth. 



Louth, a county of Ireland, which, though ufually 

 reckoned in Leinfter, bears a great refemblance in many 

 partieulars to the adjoining ones in Ulfter. It is bounded 

 on the N. by the county of Armagh ; on the N.E. by the 

 bay of Carlingford, which feparates it from Down ; on the 

 E. by the Irifh fea ; on the S. by Meath, and on the 

 W. by this lad county and Monaghan. It is the fmalleft; 

 county in Ireland; its greateil length being only 2 1 Irilh 

 (near 27 Englifh) miles, and itsbreadih 14 Iridi (18 Enghfh) 

 miles. The number of acres in Irifli meafure is 110,750, 

 equal to 173 fquare miles, which in Englifh meafure is about 

 I77,926acres, or 278 fquare miles. Small as it is, it contains 

 61 parilhes in the diocefe of Armagh, and its population 

 many years ago was eftimated at 57,750. Louth is in 

 general a rich and we'l cultivated traft, in which there is 

 very hltle wafte ground, and the population of which is 

 very great. Though not deficient in thofe undulations of 

 the ground which render a country interefting, it cannot be 

 called hilly, except in the peninfula between the bays of 

 Carhngford and Duadalk, and on the confines of Armagh. 

 It is very much under tillage, and more attention is paid to 

 agricultural improvement than in mod other parts of the 

 ifland, which may in great meafure be attributed to the ex- 

 ertions of the late lord chief baron Forder, who is called by 

 Arthur Young ■' the prince of reformers,'' and of his fon 

 the Rt. Hon. John Forder, who has not only followed up 

 his father's meafures, but in the high public offices he has 

 held, has been an aftive promoter of agriculture through- 

 out Ireland, by the laws he propofed for its encourage- 

 ment. The crops confift of wheat, barley, oat^s, flax and 

 potatoes, and there is alfo a great deal of peas and red clover. 

 Limcdone is found in a fmall traft adjoininar the county of 

 Meath in the fouth, in the neighbourhood of Carlingford, 

 and at Cadletown, on the confines of Armagh, but not in 

 the country between Drogheda and Dundalk. This valu- 

 able manure is, however, procured at a moderate expence, 

 and contributes to the improvement of the foil. At fome 

 depth in the Dogs under the turf theie is fine white dielly 

 marie in great abundance, which is alfo found a very ufeful 

 manure. Thofe who live near the fea-coad alfo avail them- 

 II 



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felves of their fituation to ufe weeds which are found there. 

 The mineral treafures of Louth do not feem to be great. 

 Some ochres and foap rock are mentioned, and formerly a 

 lead mine was wrought at Salterdown, on the fea-coad, in 

 the neighbourhood of Cadlebelhngham ; but the riches of 

 Louth confiCt in the produce of its cultivated lands. The 

 done chiefly found is the fame as that found in Armagh and 

 Monaghan, and called wh'injlone, but which differs from other 

 dones fo called. It is hard, but not fo much fo as to 

 ftrike fire with deel. Sir C. Coote fays, that it contains 

 46 parts of filica, 22 of alumine, 28 oxyd of iron, and four 

 of lime in the JOO parts. The principal river of this 

 county is the Boyne, which flowing from Mearh, becomes 

 the fouthern boundary, about two miles W. of Drogheda, 

 and falls into the fea about two miles below that town. It 

 is a river capable of afl'ording great advantages to the coun- 

 try through which it pades. (See BoYXE. ) Several other 

 fmall rivers crofs the county and fall into the bay of Dun- 

 dalk. The towns of Carlingford, Dundalk, Drogheda, and 

 CoUon, have been already noticed under their refpeftive 

 names. Of thcfe Dundalk is the affize town, and Drog- 

 heda returns one member, fo that the county has three re- 

 prefentatives. There are in Louth a greater number than 

 in any other part of Ireland of thofe high artificial mounts, 

 the fortreffes of early ages which the Irifh call raths, and 

 attribute to the Danes. In Wriixht's Louthiana will be 

 found a full account of thefe antiquities, many of whicli are 

 noticed in different articles of this work. Louth was early 

 colonized by the Englifh and was within the Pale. It had 

 a large fhare of the diflurbances which have afBifled Ireland. 

 Beaufort, Young, &c. 



Louth, a townfhip of Upper Canada, W. of Grantham, 

 and fronting hke Ontario. 



LOUTRA, Great and Little, two fmall Greek 

 iflands in the gulf of Engia ; feven miles N.W. of Engia. 



LOVTZOVA, a town of Ruflia, in the government of 

 Irkutfl't ; 10 miles N.E. of Verchnei Udmflc. 



LOU VAIN, a city of France, and principal place of a 

 didrift, in the department of the Dyle. The number of 

 inhabitants is edimated at 18,000, in two cantons, one con- 

 fiding of -17,796 inhabitants, on a territory of 875 kiliome- 

 tres in 12 communes, and the other containing 18,230, on 

 a territory of 140 kiliometres, in 15 communes. This city 

 was formerly the capital of Brabant, and as fome fay, pro- 

 bably without fufficient authority, totinded by Julius Cosfar,. 

 or by one Lupus, who lived long before him; it i.s certain, 

 however, that this place was known in the year 885, when- 

 Godfrey, duke of Normandy, having ravaged the coun-, 

 try, encamped near the Dyle, on the plain of Louvain. 

 The emperor Arni'.lph built a cadle about this time to 

 defend the country againd the Normans, which was called 

 " Loven," or •' le Chateau de Ca:far," Csefar's cadle, and 

 was a long time the ordinary refidence of the dukes of Bra- 

 bant. Here Henry I. was affaflinated in 1038 ; and here 

 alfo the e.mperor Charles V. and his fiders, were brought 

 up till the year 1520; and formerly the affembly of dates 

 was held here. It was fird furrounded with walls in 1165, 

 and much enlarged in the fourteenth century by Wenceflaus 

 and John, two dukes of Brabant. It was formerly much 

 larger and richer than it is now, and its trade was much more 

 extenfive. At the commencement of the fourteenth cen- 

 tury, 4000 houfes were inhabited by clothiers, who em- 

 ployed above 150,000 workmen. It is a traditionary report, 

 that when the weavers left off work, notice was given of it 

 by a large bell, that the children might be kept within doors, 

 to prevent their being thrown down and trampled to death. 

 Hence it became neceflary to have more magidrates than ii^ 



other 



