LOW COUNTRIES, ENGRAVERS OF THE. 



engravei", but of talents very inferior to thofe of Hou- 

 lirakcn. He was born in the year 1660. He drew por- 

 traits from the life in ^ manner which has the reputation of 

 accuracy, but his ftyb of engraving, though neat, is talle- 

 kfs. 



Among his portraits are thofe of John Turretin, of Ge- 

 neva ; Auguflus Pfeiffcr, of Lubec ; and Simon de Vries, 

 from drawings by Vianen himfelf ; and Frederic William I. 

 king of Prulfia, in cameo, with ornamental accompaniments, 

 after J. Goeree, all of folio dimenfions. 



Vianen alfo engraved and publifhed feveral views of his 

 native city of Amllerdam. 



Wilhehn, or William Swidde, was born in the province 

 of Holland, A.D. 1660. He probably iludied under one 

 of the VifTchers. Soon after his pupillage he travelled to 

 Sweden, where he obtained patronage, and where he pro- 

 bablv pafTed the remainder of his lite. 



He both drew and engraved landfcape in a very pleafing 

 ftyle, in which delicacy is united with fpirit, and his name 

 and works have the honour of defcenduig to polleruy with 

 thofe of PufFendorf, for the firft edition of whofe hfe of 

 Charles Gullavus, of Sweden, Swidde produced the engrav- 

 ings, and alfo for " Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna." 



The reft of his prints are generally found in fets, of v/hich 

 there is one, of twelve views of towns and cities in the pro- 

 vince of Friedand ; another fet of fix beautiful engravings, 

 entitled " Verfcheyde landfcliapjes feer aardig getckent 

 door D. Dalens, geetft door W. Swidde, et uytgegeven door 

 N. VilTcher ;" and another fet of iix mountainous land- 

 fcapes, with ruined edifices, cattle, and figures, in fmall 

 folio, alfo after Dalens. 



John de Leeuw, the portrait-engraver, is worthy of fmall 

 notice. He was born at the Hague foon after 1660, and 

 was probably defcended from William de Leeuw, of whom 

 we have already treated. 



Inconjunftion with John Lamfvelt, he engraved the por- 

 ' traits for " The Hillory of Louis XHL" by Michael le 

 Vaffor. He alfo engraved the portrait of John, duke of 

 Marlborough, which is infcribed wuh the motto " Veni, Vidi, 

 Vici," in folio ; a very neat portrait of Karolus Niellius, in 

 quarto ; Jofeph Juftus Scaliger ; and Cowley, the poet. 



Robert van Audenaerd, or Oudenord, was born at Ghent, 

 A.D. 1O6;. The name is provincial, and means literally 

 of OudcntrJ, of which place the father of our artift is be- 

 heved to have been a native. 



Robert applied himfelf to the fludy of art at a very early 

 period of life, under the direftion of Van Cleef, and other 

 Flcmifh mailers. He afterwards travelled to Rome for im- 

 provement, and was received into the Academy of Carlo 

 Maratti. 



At this period he is fpoken of with praife as a painter ; 

 but we ihall here confidcr him only as an engraver. His 

 early progrefs in the latter art, was interrupted by an aft 

 of profeflicnal indifcretion, which is thus related by Strutt. 

 " He frequently ufcd to amufe himfelf at his leiture with 

 the point ; and being pleafed, as it fhould feem, with a 

 fl<etch of his matter, reprefenting the marriage of the Vir- 

 gin, he etched a plate from it, of which Carlo Maratti knew 

 nothing, until the impreffions being circulated about, he 

 accidently faw one of them in a print-fhop, and by enquiry, 

 foon difcovered its author. Audenaerd telt fevorely the 

 effefts of his refeiitment, which he carried to fuch an height, 

 that he forbade him to approach hi;; fchool, declaring he 

 would never fee his face again." Maratti, however, though 

 warrm in his refcntment, was not implacable, and the prefent 

 writer would willingly afcribe the reconciliation which aftcr- 

 VoL. XXL 



ward took place between the mafter and difciple, to the 

 interceflion of Giaconio Frey. 



Frey (as we have relatpd in our biography of that very 

 diftinguiitied artift), was the liberal friend and fellow ftu- 

 dent of Audenaerd, and with the energy and indifcretion, 

 poifeffed the gcnerolity, of genius ; every principle of fym- 

 pathy muft, tlicrefore, have operated with him in obtaining 

 the forgivcnefs of his mafter, and the return of his friend. 



It fcems not improbable that the alliduity of Audenaerd 

 was quickened by this occurrence, for he foon made fo great 

 progrefs in engravmg, that Maratti was extremely pleafed, 

 poured forth his inward feelings relpecting his art, ere they 

 were mcilowwd into principle, in the prefence of his two 

 favourite pupils ; and many of h.is belt piAures were, at 

 his own inrtance, put into the hands af Audenaerd to en- 

 grave. In particular, it was by his recommendation, which 

 has fince been perceived to have its foundation in the foundeil 

 theory, that the two fellow- Undents learned to incorporate 

 fo large a portion of etching as we behold in their hiftorical 

 prints, with the work of the graver. 



On tliis point, Strutt judicioufly fays, " the plates which 

 were done by this artilt entirely with the graver, are not 

 equal, in my opinion, to thole where he alfo ufed the point ; 

 they arc cold and dellitute of effeft, and often, from his 

 great folicitude to avoid an outline, his draperies appear 

 heavy, and want (liarpnefs in the folds. The fame heavinefs 

 appears alfo in his heads and other extremities, and all the 

 naked parts of the figure in general, as I thmk, will readily 

 be allowed on examination of that, which reprefents " The 

 Affumption of the Virgin," from Carlo Maratti, a middling- 

 fized upright plate, vvith this infcription, " Quafi aurora 

 confurgens ;" whigli, if compared with the flight etching 

 of " Hagar and Khmael," from the fame mafter, I think the 

 fpirit of the latter will well repay the want of that neatnefs 

 which is found in the former. Audenaerd certainly poifefied 

 great knowledge of the human figure, and his drawing is fel- 

 dom incorreft." 



During his ftay in Italy, cardinal Barbarigo, with be- 

 coming regard for the fame of his anceftry, engaged our 

 artift to engrave the portraits of the dillinguiftied men of 

 that family, with emblematical accompaniments. 



The work confifts of one luuidred and fixty-five plates, 

 and for fome years remained imperfect on account of the 

 death of the cardinal, but at length the five plates which 

 were wanting to its completion, were engraved at the expence 

 of one of his defcendants, and the work appeared at Padua, 

 in large folio, accompanied by certain Latin poetry, in the 

 year 1762 ; fince which period it has been fold at the Bar- 

 barigo palace, at the price of twelve fequins. 



After i-efiding feventeen years in Italy, Audenaerd re- 

 turned to his native city, where he died in 1743, being 

 fourfcore years of age. Wc fabjoin a lift of his belt 

 engravings. 



Portraits. — Cardinal SacrilTanti ; cardinal Turufi ; and 

 cardinal Ottoboni, all from J. B. Gauli ; cardinal Francis 

 Barbarini, alter Carlo Maratti ; cardinal Henry de hi 

 Grange d'Arquien, aftei; Defpontes; cardinal Jofepk 

 d'Archinto ; cardinal Andrea di Santa Croce, both from 

 Jofeph Pafleri ; and father Francis Caraccioh, worftiippiiisj 

 the facrament, after And. Procaccini, all of folio fize. 



Hijlorkal, ISc. after Carlo Alaratli.—" Hagar in the 

 Defart ;" " Abraham oifering his Son Ifaac ;" " Abra- 

 ham's Servant meeting Rebecca ;" " David with Goliah's 

 Head;" "The Celebration of the Victory of David;"' 

 " Bathiheb^ at the Bath ;" " The Annunciation ;" " Thi? 

 Adoration of the Magi," an etching ; " The Flight inlu 

 Egypt ;" " A Repofe during the Flight into Egypt," all 

 3X 13 



