LOW 



LOW 



<loAor in the Faculty of Chirurgerie at Paris, Cliirurgeon entitled " Diatribas Thoirrae Willifil M.D. et Prof. Oxon. 



to Henry IV." London 1596, 410. Aikiu's Biog. Mem. 

 of Med. 



LOWEN, in Geography, a royal town of Silefia, in the 

 county of Glatz, the inhabitants of which are chiefly em- 

 ployed in turning ; ij miles W.of Glatz. N. lat. 50' 13'. 

 E. long. 16' 3'. 



LoWEN, Lohen, or Leivin, a town of Silcfia, in the prin- 

 cipahty of Brieg, on the Neifie ; nine miles S.E. of Brieg. 

 N. lat. 50° 40'. E. long. 17^ 33'. 



LOWENBERG, or Lemberg, a town of Sllcfia, in 

 the principality of Jauer, near the Bober ; 25 miles W. of 

 Jaucr. N. lat. ji° 5'. E. long. 15° 42'. 



LOWENDAHL.Ulric-FredericWoldemar, CoHB/ 

 of, in Biography, a celebrated general, was born at Ham- 

 burgh in the year 17C0. His fatlicr, grand marlhal and mi- 

 nifter of the king of Poland, eleftor of Saxony, inured him 

 to arms when he was only thirteen years old. He rofe gra- 

 dually in the army, and ferved in feveral campaigns, expofed 

 to the dangers and fatigues of warfare, proving himfelf, on 

 all occafioivs, worthy of the rank he held, by his valour and 

 prudence. In 1 721 the king of Poland gave him the com- 

 mand of his horfe-guards and a regiment of infantry ; his 

 leifure time he employed in the profound ftudy of guiuierV 

 and fortification, and in 1728 he was made field-marlhal and 

 infpeftor-general of the Saxon infantry. After the death of 



de Febribus Vindicatio adverfus Edm. de Meara Ormondien- 

 fem Hibern. M.D." 8vo., a work of confiderablc learning 

 and force of argument, but not witliout fome fallacies, as 

 he afterwards himfelf admitted. But his mod important 

 work was, his " Traftatus de Corde, item de molu et ca- 

 lore Sangiiinis, et Chyli in eum tranfitu," which was firil 

 printed in London in 1669. In this work the ftrufture of 

 the heart, the origin and courfe of its fibres, and the nature 

 of its aition, w-ere pointed out with much accuracy and in- 

 genuity. He likewife demonRrated the dependance of its 

 motions upon the nervous influence, referred the red colour 

 of the arterial blood to the aftion of the air upon it in the 

 lungs, and calculated the force of tlie circulation, and the 

 quantity and velocity of the blood paffing through it. In a 

 word, this treatife was one of the molt: important contribu- 

 tions of the time to anatomical and phyCological improve- 

 ment. The work excited particular notice, in coufcquence 

 of the chapter on the transfullon of blood from the vodels of 

 one living animal to thofe of another, which the author had 

 firft performed experimentally at Oxford, in February 1665, 

 of which fome account had been laid before the Royal So- 

 ciety, and printed in the Philof. Tranfadtions 1(166, through 

 the requeft. of tlie Hon. Robert Boyle. He fubfequently 

 praflifed the transiuilon upon an inlane perfon before the 

 Royal Society. Lower claims the merit of originality in 

 this matter ; but the experiment had certainly been luggefted 



the king he dillinguillied himfelf in the defence of Cracow ; j^^^^g before by Lilc-utus (which fee), and 'it is a matter of 



in the following campaigns he commanded the Saxon aux- jifpute with whom the thought firll originated. It is al- 



iliaries on the Rhine under prince Eugene, and he had a chief lo^^^^d, however, that the French lirR tried tlic experiment 



command at the ftorming of Otchakof. In 1743 he entered upon the human fubject. But it were ufelefs to enter into 



the fervice of the king of France, and was for fome years ^j^^ queftioii ; iince experience foon decided, that the opera- 



aftively employed in the war in which that monarch was en- 

 gaged. In 1747 he attained the fummit of his glory as a 

 belieging general, by making a fwecp of feveral towns of 

 Flanders, concluding with that of Bergen-op-Zoom, which 

 had been deemed impregnable. Immediately after the cap- 

 ture of this laft place Lowendahl was declared a marlhal of 

 France. He now retired from the aftive fcenes of war, and 

 diftinguiihed himfelf as a wortiiy eftimable charaifler in pri- 

 .Tate life, equally agreeable and inllruftive in converfatio-.i, and 

 furnidied with a variety of knowledge. He was converfant 

 with many languages, and devoted a large portion of his 

 time to reading. He died at the age of fifty-five. His 

 name had been fome time enrolled among the honorary mem- 

 bers of the Academy of Sciences. Moreri. 



LOWENDOLL.^R, or Lyondoll.^r, a Dutch filver 

 coin, valued at 42 flivers, or a little more. This coin is -J 

 of the ducatoon, weighs 17 dwts. I4grs., and is valued at 

 43. 07*/. in fir I. Newton's Table of AfTays, &c. 



LOWENSTEJN, in Geography, a town and capital of 

 a county, which is a fief annexed to Wurtemberg ; nine 

 miles E.S E. of Hejlbron. N. lat. 49- 6'. E. long. 9 28'. 



LOWER, RiCKAJiB, in Biography, an eminent phy- 



tion was attended with pernicious confequcnces, and it w; 

 therefore exploded. Lower had removed to London foon 

 after the commencement of thefe experiments, and in 1667 

 had been a fellow of the Royal Society, and of the Collcg : 

 of Phyficians. The reputation acquired by his publication- 

 brought him into extenfive practice ; and after the death ot 

 Dr. Willis, he was confidcred as one of the ablell phyfician.s 

 in London. But his attachment to the Whig party, at iIk- 

 time of the Popifh plot, brought him into dilcrcdit at court, 

 fo that his praftice declined confiderably before his death, 

 which occurred in January 1690-91. He was buried at St. 

 Tudy, near his native place, in Cornwall, where he had pur- 

 chafed an eftate. In addition to the writings above-men- 

 tioned, he communicated fome papers containing accounts of 

 anatomical experiments to the Royal Society ; a fmall traft 

 on catarrh, which was added, as a new chapter, to the edi- 

 tion of the treatife de Corde of 1680 ; and a Letter on the 

 flate of medicine in England. Gen. Biog. Eloy Did. 

 Hift. de la Med. 



LowEK, To, in S^a Language, is to eafe down gradually, 

 exprefled of fome weighty body, which is fufpended by 



„ , , tackles or other ropes, which being jlackened, Uiffer the 



Jician and anatomift, was born at Trcmere, in Cornwall, body to defcend as flowly or expedilioufly as the occafion re- 

 about the year 1631. He was defcended from a good quires. Hence lowtr haiuljonuly, and lower f/if^r/)', are op- 

 famiJy, and received a liberal education, being admitted as pofed to one another ; the former being the order to lower 

 king's fcholar at Weftminller. fchool, and thence elefted to gradually, and the latter to lower expeditioully. 

 Chrjft-church college, m Oxford, in 1649. After the l„,^.j.^ Allonvafs Creek, in Geography, a townfhip of 

 ufual courfe of univerfity ftuQ.es, he took the degree of ^^^^^-^^^^ ;„ ^^Xem county. New Jerfcy. 



Lower Creek, a river of America, in the weftern terri- 

 tory, which riiRS into the Ohio. N. lat. 40" 9'. W. long. - 



43'' 



M.A.in 165:5, and then turned his attention to medicine. 

 He became acquainted with the celebrated Dr. Willis, who 

 employed him as a coadjutor in his diffections, and found 

 him fo able an afliilant, that he afterwards became his Itcady 

 friead and patron, and introduced him into practice. In 

 1665, Lower took the degrte of M D. ; and in the 

 iixas year puihlliei a defence of Dr. Willis's work on fevers, 



Lower Dullin, a townfhip of America, in Philadelphia 

 county, Pennfylvania, containing 1495 inhabitants. 



Lower Landing, or Ecift Latuliiig, lies on Niagara river. 



Upper 



