LOW 



LOW 



>ovm, particulr\rly diflingiiidiej fiimfelf. In the vicinity of 

 Lowelioflf formerly flood the village of Newton, wliich has 

 , been entirely fwallowvd up by the fea. 



Lnweftoff, according to the parliamentary retflrns of 

 1800, contained 572 hruifes, and 2^ ;2 inhsbitants. The mar- 

 ket is held on Wednefday, and liic fairs on the 12th of May 

 and 19th of Odlober. A very full hiilory of this town has 

 been piiblilhed under the following title, " An hiftorical 

 Account of the ancient Town of LoweftofF, with cur- 

 fory Remarks on the adjoining' Parilhes, and a j^reneral Ac- 

 count of the Ifland, by Edm. Gilhngwatcr, 410. 1790." 



LOWHILL- a lowndiip of Am>'rira, in Northampton 

 county, Ponnfylvania, containing 5^45 inhabitants. 



LOWITZ, GiiORGE MoiUTZ, m Biography, profeffor at 

 Gottingen, and member of the Imperial Academy of 

 Sciences at Peterfburgh, was born, in 1722, at Fiirth, near 

 Nuremberg. He was put apprentice to the trade of a 

 goldfmith, and by his expertnefs in the biifincf'i, he was 

 enabled afterwards to conftru6t and improve mathematical 

 inftruments, with the ufe of which he was well acquainted. 

 He now turned his attention to fcience, and made a very 

 vincommon progrefs in mathematics and natural philofophy. 

 In 1748, hs diftmguifhed himfelf by conftrufting two charts 

 of the folar eclipfe, which was to take place in the following 

 July. He afterwards obferved the eclipfe with great ac- 

 curacy, by a new method of his own invention. Next year 

 he publilhed a chart reprefenting the folar eclipfe announced 

 for the 8tli of .Tanuary, 1750, as it would appear to the in- 

 habitants of Peterfburg, Rome, Berlin, Nuremberg, Lif- 

 bon, &c. During thefe years he had been employed in the 

 education of young perfons, and in I 75 1 he was appointed 

 profeffor of mathematics and natural philofophy in the 

 Egidian feminary at Nuremberg, and was entrulled with 

 the care of the obfervatory. On his entrance into this new 

 office he pronounced an oration on the advantages which 

 might be derived from the ftudy of the higher branches of 

 ■jnathemalics, which was printed in 1752. He publifhed in 

 the fame year an account of various experiments on the pro- 

 perties of the air, which he employed as a guide in his lec- 

 tures. About this time he removed to Gottingen, and was 

 made profeffor of praSical mathematics, with a falary of 

 ■four hundred dollars. Having little to do as profeffor, he 

 filled up his vacant hours in writing papers on various ufeful 

 fubjefts ; the greater part of thefe were read before the 

 Royal Society of Gottingen, and they added, in a con- 

 fiderable degree, to his reputation. He was at the fame 

 time employed by the Cofmological Society in conftrufting 

 globes ; but, after a time, conceiving his fervices had not 

 been fufficiently remunerated, he quitted the fociety with 

 difp-u!l. After this he was appointed, by the Hanoverian 

 government, direftor of the obfervatory, an ofBce which he 

 refigned in 1764, together with the profefforfhip ; and he 

 now refided at Gottingen as a private individual. He foon 

 found that his means were infufficient for his fupport : his 

 affairs became embarraffed, and his lituation would probably 

 have been forlorn, had not the Academy of Sciences at 

 Peterfburg invited him into Ruffia for the purpofe of ob- 

 ferving the tranfit of Venus, which was to take place in the 

 year 1769. In a fhort time after this he was appointed a 

 member of the Academy of Sciences in the adronomical de- 

 partment, and he was ordered to repair to Surjef, a fmall 

 town on the river Ural, a few miles froin the Cafpian fea, 

 the place deftined for obferving this curious phenomenon. 

 This miffion he accomplifhed in the completeft manner, and 

 publifhed an account of it in the year 1770. He then pro- 

 ceeded, in the month of September, by the Cafpian fea, to 

 Aftrachan, and having determined the geographical pofition 



of that city, he repaired to feme other places for the like 

 purpofes. He was next engaged in furveys for a new canal, 

 which he continued, at diflerent periods, till the month of 

 Augufl, 1774, when the whole undertaking was unfor- 

 tun. tely flopped by a iudden and unexpefted irruption of 

 fome rebel troops. Lowitz, and his friend and affiftant, 

 betook ihemfelves to places which they hoped would afford 

 them fhelter and fecurity. The latter, after burying his 

 books, inflruments, and other property, fought for fafety in 

 the fortrcfs of Dnietriefflc, from whence he proceed^•d to 

 Aftrachan. Lowitz, with his family, fet out for the Ger- 

 man colony of Dobrinka, but unfortunately fell into the 

 hands of the rebel chief, who put him to death in the moll 

 barbarous manner. His wife and fon were fuffered to 

 efcape after they had been plundered of the beit part of their 

 property : but Lowitz's books, papers, and inftruments, 

 having been depofited in an unoccupied houfe, were, by 

 good fortune, preicrved. Gen. Biog. 



LOWK, \a Agriculture, a provincial term, lignifying to 

 weed corn, or other crops fown broadcaft. 



LO\VKOW, in Geography, a town of Poland, in the 

 palatinate of Volhynia ; 10 miles E. of Zytomiers. 



LOWLANDS, a denominati'n applied to the fouthern 

 difln6ts of Scotland, in contradiftinition to the High- 

 lands ; which fee. The inhabitants of, thefe different 

 diftriCls differ from each other in language, manners, and 

 drefs ; but the difference has been gradually decreufing. 

 Tlie language, manners, habits, and drefs of the gentle.iieii 

 in the Low Countries refemble thofe of their Englifh neigh- 

 bours, with whom they have frequent intercourfe. ThC 

 peafantry and middle clafs are fober, induftrious, and good 

 economifls ; hofpitable and difcreet, intelligent, brave, fleadv, 

 humane, and benevolent. Their fidelity to one another is 

 a flriking feature in their character. In their mode of 

 living and drefs there are fome peculiarities, but thefe are 

 gradually wearing out. Within thefe few years the ufe of 

 pottage, and bread of oatmeal, is almoll di.ufed among the 

 commonalty, and tea, wheaten bread, and animal food, are 

 as common on the north as on the fuuth of the Tweed. See 

 Scotland. 



LOWMAN, Moses, in Biography, was born in London 

 in the year 1679. He was O'lginally intended for the pro- 

 feffion of the law, was educated accordingly, and entered ' 

 a ftudent in the Middle Temple. When he attained to 

 years of manhood, he abandoned the law, and determined 

 to qualify himfelf for the office of minilbr among the Pro- 

 tefbant diffenters. With this view he proceeded to Holland, 

 and purfued his fludies at Utrecht and Leyden, and on his 

 return in 1710 he was chofen affiftant preacher to a diffent- 

 ing congregation at Clapham, of which he was afterwards 

 elefted pallor. In this conneftion he continued during the 

 remainder of his life, difchai'ging the duties of his ftation 

 with conilancy and regularity, elteemed and beloved by his 

 flock, and highly refpeded by thofe who knew him. As an 

 author, his iirft publication was in 1740, and intitled "j\ 

 DilTertation on the Civil Government of the Hebrews, in 

 which the true Defign and Nature of th^ir Government are 

 explained, and the Juftice, Wifdom, F«d Goodnefs of the 

 Mofaical Conftitutions vindicated, &c." In 1745, he pub- 

 lifhed '' A Paraphrale and No^es upon the Revelation of 

 St. Jolm," winch is held in high eltimation by the moll 

 judicious critics. The next work of Mr. Lowman was 

 upon Jewifh antiquities, intitled "A Rational of the Ritual 

 of Hebrew Worlhip, &c." Befides thefe, he printed a 

 finall traft concerning " The Demonllration of a God, from , , 

 the Argument a priori," and a fermon on Popery. ,He 

 died in 1752, in the 73d year ef his age. As he was a firm 



believer 



