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tican. This noble fabric now prefcnts a tnars of magnifi- 

 cent ruins, retaining, however, ample affiiranccs of its former 

 o-lory. Of the chapel, a circular building, in the inner 

 court, is all that remains. Over feveral of the ftable doors 

 tlie arms of Elizabeth and the earl of Pembroke are llill 

 vifible, and over the inner gate of the ca'lle are the arms of 

 the Sidney familv, with an infcription beneath. Along the 

 iijes of the eminence on which thefe fplcndid ruins are 

 feated are fome public walks, which vere laid out in 1772, at 

 the iniligation of the countefs of Powis. Part of l.udlow 

 caftle h'as been recently occupied by Lucien Buonaparte, his 

 family, and fuite, who are prifoners of war in this country. 



The neighbourhood of Ludlow abounds with gentlemen's 

 feats and agreeable villages. In the village of Bromelicld 

 are the remains of a cell of Benedicline monks, formerly 

 belonging to the abbey of St. Peter, Gloceller. Tliefe ruins 

 ftand on a delightful fituation within the grounds of Oak- 

 ley park, the refidence of the dowager lady Clive. Richard's 

 caftle lies about three miles from Ludlow. The town con- 

 tiguous was originally called Gayton or Boytane, but the 

 luftre of the callle afterwards echpfed that name, and it is 

 now called by the fame appellation as the caftle. This was 

 once a place of confiderable importance, as is evident from 

 feveral old records prior to the time of Henry IL when 

 it began to decay, in fpite of the exertions of the noble 

 family of Mortimer to fupport its declining ftate. Softie 

 part of the keep and walls of the caftle are ilill remaining. 

 About four miles N.W. of the town is Dowton catlle, the 



feat of Knight, efq., brother to R. P. Knight, author 



of a poem called " The Landfcape," and of feveral other 

 literary productions. This gentleman built an irregular and 

 finguiar manlion here, and called it a cattle. He alfo laid 

 out the grounds, immediately adjoining the houfe, in a llyle 

 correfponding to his theoretical principles of the picturcfque. 

 On this fubjed both Mr. Knight and his friend Mr. Price 

 have publilhed fome eifays. The grounds and woods of this 

 dcmefne are particularly bold, grand, and diverfilied. See 

 the Ludlow Guide by J. Price, i8mo. 1797. Alfo an 

 Hiftorical Account of Ludlow Caftle, &c. by W. Hodges, 



Li'Dl.ow, a townfhip of America, in Hampftiire county, 

 Mafrachufctts, 90 n>iles W. of Bofton ; incorporated in 

 1784, and containing 650 inhabitants. — Alfo, a townfhip on 

 Black river, Windfor county, Vermont, containing 410 in- 

 habitants, 10 or 12 miles W. of Weathetsfield, on Conuec- 

 ticdt river. 



LUDOLF, Job, in Biography, a learned orientalift, 

 born in 1624 at Erfurt, in Tluiringia, was educated in the 

 univcrfity of his native place, paying particular attention to 

 the ftudy of jurifprudence and of the learned languages, 

 efpecially thofe of the Eall. With the view of farther im- 

 provement he travelled into foreign parts, and was from 

 home during fix years, when he returned to Erfurt, where 

 he exercifed the funAions of a counfellor for nearly twenty 

 jears of his hfe. He frequently afhlted at the diets held 

 ^pon the fubjeft of the contefts between the dukes of 

 Saxony and the archhilhops of Mentz. At length, weary 

 of public bufmefs, he obtained leave to retire, and chofe for 

 the place of his retreat the city of Frankfort on the Mayne: 

 but fcarcely had he fettled his family, when the elctlor pa- 

 latine placed liim at the head of his finances. In his fervice 

 he made two jourr.ies to France, where he confulted the li- 

 braries of Paris, in order that he might make fome advances 

 in his favourite ftudies. At length he returned to Frankfort, 

 and employed himfelf in finilhing and revifing the different 

 works wliich he had compofed. He died in 1704, univer- 

 fally eftcemed ; he has been charadlerized as equally fitted 



for the difpatch of public bufinefs, and the retired purfuits 

 of the clofet. He was author of a great number of works, 

 of which the principal are, " Hiftoria ./Ethiopica," folio ; 

 "A Commentary on the fame;" and an "Appendix." In 

 thefe works the hiftory, religion, and manners of the 

 Ethiopians are detailed at length. He alfo publiftied an 

 " Abyffinian Grammar and Didtionary,'' folio; "Diflerta- 

 tio de Locuftis," folio ; " Fafti Ecclefiae Alexandrina: ;" 

 " De Bello Turcico feliciter Conficiendo." Moreri. 



LuDOLF, Hknky William, nephew of the preceding, 

 was born at Erfurt in the year l6jj. He was well educated, 

 and was particuL'rlyinftrudlcd in the Oriental languages. 

 He was a man well calcu'ated for public bulinefs as well as 

 deeply learned : he obtained the poft of fecretary to the envoy 

 from Chriftiaii V, king of Denmark to the court of Great 

 Britain, who recommended him to prince George of Den- 

 mark, by.vhom he was appointed focretaryin 16S0. This fitu- 

 ation he held iome years, till a very violent fever rendered 

 him incapable of difcharging its duties, when he retired 

 wit a^handfome penfion. As foon as his health would per- 

 mit he fet out on his travels to foreign countries. He firft 

 went to Ruflia, and having foon acquired its language, he 

 met with a polite reception from the natives, and being a 

 good performer in mnfic, he had the honour of difplaying 

 his accompliftiments in this art before the czar of Mofcow, 

 to the furprize and delight of that prince. The various 

 knowledge which he difcovered in his converfations v.-ith the 

 Ruffian clergy led them- to confider him as a prodigy of 

 learning. He arrived in London in 1694, when he under- 

 went an operation of cutting for the ilonc Having re- 

 covered, he applied himfelf to the compofition of " A Ruf- 

 fian Grammar;" intended for the ufe not only of traders 

 and travellers, but of the natives themfelves, by exhibiting 

 the principles of their language in a more regular form than 

 had been laid down before. This work was printed at Ox- 

 ford in 1696. Ludolf's curiofity led him next into the Eall, 

 that he might obtain information concerning the llate of the 

 Chriftian church in the Levant. He arrived at Smyrna In 

 November 1698, whence he went to Jaffa, from Jaffa to 

 Jctufalem, and from thence to Cairo. As foon as Ludolf 

 had returned to England, his retleftions on the deplorable 

 ilatc of Chrittianity among thole who profeffed that religion 

 under the Turkifli government, induced him to undertake an 

 impreffion of the New Tellament in the vulgar Greek, and 

 to prefent it to the members of the Greek church. He was 

 very defirous that the Proteilant powers of Europe fliould 

 eftabllfli a kind of college at Jcrufalem, and that the per- 

 fons felefted for fuch an inftitution fhould not be devoted to 

 the prt>pagation of the peculiarities of any particular fyftems 

 concerning which Proteftants differ among themfelves, but 

 united by an agreement in the fundamental principles of the 

 gofpel, and by univerfal love and charity. In the year 

 1709, I.,udolf was appointed by queen Anne one of the 

 commiflioners for managing the money collefted for the re- 

 lief of the Palatines, who had been driven from their native 

 country. He died in 1710. He was author of feveral 

 works befides his " Ruffian Grammar," which were col- 

 lefted and publilhed in the year 1712. Gen. Biog. 



LUDOLFfA, in Botany, a genus of Adanfon's, 

 (Families des Plantes, v. 2. 244.) named by him after 

 Michael Matthias Ludolff, author of a catalogue of the 

 plants of the garden at Berlin, where he was profeffor 

 of Botany and Materia Medica, and where his book was 

 printed in 1746. He publiflied alfo a German Pharmaco- 

 peia in 1734; and wrote on the lubjeft of botanical clalTi- 

 fication, in the Mem. de l'Ac:id. de Berlin lor 1745, "I'cre, 

 according to Hallcr, he rejeds the llamens as well as the 



cotyle- 



