L U M 



L U M 



applications had failed ; and he relates feveral cafes in wliich 

 a liniment, refemliling that propofed by Dr. Home, .proved 

 a;i effectual cure for lumbago. He ufcd two drams of 

 camphor, an ounce of bafilicon, and half an ounce of black, 

 foap, omittiKg the oil of turpentine, ammonia, and feeds of 

 cyminum, prcforibed by Dr. Home. The effeft of this 

 application, he fap, is commonly the removal of the pain 

 within three days, often in a much (horter time. See 

 Ferriar. Med. Hill, and Refleft. vol. i. p. i88. Plome, 

 Cln. Exper. p. 261, § xiv. 



LUMBALIS, in Anatomx, an epithet applied to fomc 

 parti placed about the ,luins. The lumbar arteries are 

 branches of the aorta, and the lumbar veins terminate in the 

 inferior ver.a cava. (See Artery and Vein'.) The lum- 

 bar nerves are five pairs proceeding from the medulla fpi- 

 nalis. (See Nerve.) The lumbar mufcles are thQ pj'cs ; 

 vhich fee. For an account of the lurnbar vertebrx, fee 

 Spike. The lumbar region of the abdomen is the lateral 

 a: d pofterior part of the umbilical region, the part, in (liort, 

 which conftitutes the loins in common language. See Ab- 



DOM I-.N'. 



1X''MBAR, in G/'Cfr,'j^/._j', a town of Spain, in Nivarre ; 

 Ij miles N. of Sanguefa. 



Li.'Mr.AK Ahfafs, in Surgery. See Psoas Alfcfs. 



LUMDERTON, in Geography, a poll-town of^America, 

 in North Carolina, and capital of Robefon county, on Drown- 

 ing creek ; 32 miles S. of Fayetteville ; it has a court-houfe, 

 and about 36 dwelling-houfes. 



LUMBI, in /inatomy. See LojNS. 



LUMBO, in Geography, a town of Bengucla ; i 20 miles 

 E. N. E. of Benguela. S. lat. 1 1° 45'.' 



LUMBORUiNI QuADKATus, in Anatomy, ileo-coftien of 

 Dum.as, a mufcle IJtuated towards the fide and lower part of 

 the vertebral column, and extending from the crilla of the 

 OS innominatum, and the ileo-lumbar ligament, to the lower 

 edge of the lall faUe rib, and to the tranfverfe procefies of 

 the foi:r tirll vertebrce of the loin?. It has the form of an 

 elongated fquare, but is rather broader below than above. 

 Its anterior furface is covered above by the diaphragm, then 

 by the anterior lamina of the aponeurolls of the tranfverfus 

 abdominis, and towards the infide by the pfoas. It ccr- 

 refponds to the kidney aiid to the colon. Its poilerior 

 furface is covered by the middle aponeurofis of the tranf- 

 verfus, which feparates it from the common mafs of the 

 facro-lumbahs and longiffimus dorfi. The outer edge is 

 inchncd a little from above downwards, .and from with'n 

 outwards, and corrcfponds to the angle formed by the fepa- 

 ration of the anterior poilerior laminx of the aponeurofis of 

 the tranfverfus abdominis. The inner margin is attached to 

 the points of the tranfverfe procefies of the four tirft lum- 

 bar vertebrjE by as many flattened pieces. The lower edjje 

 is attached to the middle of the pofterior part of the crifta 

 ilii„ fur an extent of about two inches ; it is alfo fixed to the 

 iieo-lumbar ligament. The tipper edge is inferted in the 

 lower margin of the lad falfe rib, for a more or lefs confidcr- 

 able extent in different fubjcils ; in fonic it occupico nearly 

 the whole length, in others only theinr.er third part. 



It is fixed to the criila of the os innominatum by aponeu- 

 xofcs, which afcend to a confiderable height on the anterior 

 Surface and tlie outer edge. Thefe fibre.';, which proceed 

 /rom below upwards, are crofied below by others, which 

 anfe from the tranfverfe proeofs of the h.ft lumbar vertebrx. 

 The ilefiiy fibres afcend rather obliquely from without in- 

 .wards, and the internal are the (lior'.elt ; they terminate at 

 the tranfverfe procefies of the lumbar vertebra; by tendinous 

 fibres. The external and lunger ones end at the lower edge 

 ,«f the Ult falfc nb by iiiort aponeurofes. So.mejiir.es an- 



other mufcular (Iratum avifes from the front of the tranfverfe 

 procelfes of the third and fourth lumbar vertebra, padee 

 obliquely outwards, and is blended with the reft of the 

 mufcle. 



The quadratus lumborum inclines the loins towards its 

 own fide ; when thefe are fixed, it may raife the pelvis en 

 that fide, and lower it on the oppofite. By drawing down- 

 wards the laft falfe rib, it may be concerned in refpiration. 



LUMBRE, in Geography, a town of France, in the de- 

 partment of the Straits of Calais, and chief place of a can- 

 ton, in the diltrift of St. Omer, The place contains J02, and 

 the canton 13,655 inhabitants, on a territory of 26 2 i kilio- 

 metres, in 36 communes. 



LUMBRERAS, a townof Spain, in Leon; 22 mi'ea 

 N.N.W. of Civdad Rodrigo. 



LUMBRICALES, in Anatomy, certain fmall mufcles 

 of the fingers and toes, ccnncdttd with the flcsor tcndoas of 

 thofe organs. See Fl.EXOR. 



LUMBRICOIDES. See Ascini.'. 



LUMBRICUS, Earth-woum, in Natural Hijlory, a 

 genus of the vermes-inteilina clafs and order. Body round, 

 annulate, with generally an elevated flilhy belt near the 

 head, moftly rough, with minute concealed prickles placed 

 longitudinally, and furnifhed v.ith a lateral aperture. There 

 are fixteen fptcies contained in this genus, of which four are 

 natives of this country. 



Species. 



* Terrestki.s; Comir.on earth-worm, fometimes named 

 dew-worm. Body red, with eight rows of prickles. There 

 is another variety t-^aftly like this, only half the fize. The 

 body contains abjut one hundred and forty rings, each of 

 which has fi;ur pair of prickles, not vifible to the naked 

 eye, but difcoverable to the touch : when expanded, it \i 

 convex on each fide ; but when contrafted, it is flattilh be- 

 neath, v.ith a red canal down the body ; the belt is wrinkled 

 and porous ; mouth placed beneath the prcbofcis. It in- 

 I'.abits decayed wood and common foil, which, by per- 

 forating, it renders fit to receive the rain : it devours the 

 cotyledons of plants, and wanders about by night ; it is the 

 food of moles, hedge hcgs, ai'.d various birds. 



This worm has neither bones, brains, eyes, nor feet. It 

 has a number of breathing holes fituated along the back, and 

 near each ring. The heart is placed near the head, and 

 may be obferved to beat wirh a very ditlinct motion. The 

 fmal' rings are furnilhed vf ith a fet of mufcles, that enable it 

 to aft in a fort of fpiral direftion ; and by this means it ii 

 capable, in the moll complete manner, of creeping on the 

 earth, or penetrating into its fubllancc. Thefe mufcles en- 

 able the worm to contraft or dilate its body with great force. 

 The rings are each armed with fmall llifF (harp prickles, 

 which the animal is able to open out or clofe upon its body ^ 

 a::d from beneath the fi<in there is fecreted a flimy matter, 

 which, by lubricating the body, greatly facilitates its paf- 

 fage through the earlh. 



This worm has been conf )uvded with the Asc.\liis Lunir 

 IricolcLs, or round worm of the human intcllines; which fee. 

 Tfae difference between the two may be b;:iefiy pointed out 

 in this place. 



The common earth-worm has its extremities nnjch blunter 

 than thofe of the jnte^inal ; its mouth confills of a fmall, 

 longitudinal fiflur;', fituated on the u;ider furface of a fmall 

 rounded htad, there being no appearance of the three vc- 

 ficles which are found io the afcaris. On the under-furface 

 of the earth-worm there is a large femi-lunar fold of ikin, 

 into which the head retreats ; but this is .wanting in the 

 afcaris. The anus of the eanh-wcrm opens at the very ex- 

 4 H 2 tremity 



