L U N 



L U N 



LUNELLE-LA-VILLE, in Geography, a town of 

 France, in the department of the Herault, and chief place 

 of a canton, in the diftriift of Montpeilier. The place con- 

 tains 420"), and the canton 945 I inhabitants, on a territory 

 of 145 kiiiometres, ii 11 communes. N. lat. 43' 40'. 

 E. long- 4 13'. 



LUNEN, a town of Gtrmany, in the county of Mark, 

 :!» •',(-■ contliix of the Zefick and Lippc ; 20 miles S.S.W. 

 (if Mitiifter. N. lat. Ji" 36'. E. long. 7' 37'. 



LUNENBURG, a town of PrufTm, in the province of 

 Nalaiigen ; 34 miles S.S.E. of Konigfberg. 



LuNEXBURG, or LuHifiurg, a city of Wcflphalia, capi- 

 tal of a principality, lituated on the Ilmenau, fnrrounded 

 with rroats and walls, fortified with towers, and containing 

 three churclies, about 1300 honfes, and 9000 inhabitants. 

 It has alfo three hofpitals, in each of two of which is a 

 church. The prince's palace and the guild-hall are in the 

 market place. The anatomical theatre was built in 1713, 

 and an academy for martial exercifes was founded on the icite 

 of the convent of St. Michael, which was fupprefied. The 

 burg-hers con'.ift of four orders, the patricians, the brewers, 

 the merchants and tradefmen, and the artizans ; and to ihefe 

 four clafTes fome others might be added. Since the year 

 1639 the migiftracy has been compofed of one moiety of pa- 

 tricians, and of another of men of letters. The Sr-.lze, 

 which.is a diftinft part of the town, enclofed by walls, has 

 its own feparate magiltracy. This town confills of lifty- 

 four fmall houfes, funk in the ground, in each of which are 

 four large leaden pans, containing brine, which is left to ex- 

 hale for the manufacture of fait ; and the fait water is con- 

 veyed mto them by a common pipe from the feveral fprini^s. 

 The falt-houfes, being ^4 in number, and containing 216 

 pans, which are daily boiled, and every falt-houfe being ef- 

 timated at 40,000 rix-doilars, the capital of the whole Salze 

 much exceeds two millionsof rix-dollars. Of thefe fait- works 

 a fifth belongs to the fovereign's due ; and the town of Lune- 

 bnrg pays annually to the treafiiry near 6000 rix-dollars. Of 

 late the falt-trade has very much declined. The exports of 

 the town are fait, lime furnifhed by two rocks in its vicinity, 

 and beer. It iikewife carries on a trade in wax, honey, 

 wool, flax, linen, and frize. Goods are alfo brought here 

 from all parts of Germany, and forwarded by the Ilmenau 

 to Hamburgh and to Lubeck. Luneburg is 36 miks diRant 

 S.E. from Hamburgh. N. lat. 53'^ i j'. E. long. 10° 36'. 



Lunenburg, oThvuEnvna-Zeile, aprincipahty of Weit- 

 phaiia, the foil of which is various ; confiihng of fruilfi'.l 

 inarfli-land that lies along the Elbe, tlie AUer, the Jetze, and 

 fome other fmall rivers, other parts, amounting to upwards of 

 3000 acres, that are faudy, and others that comprehend heath, 

 Inrf-moors, and fwamps. According to the diverfity of its 

 foil, it produces whea^, rye, barley, oats, peafe, buckwheat, 

 fl'.x, hemp, hops, garden-ihifF, oak, beech, firs, pinci, 

 iiirch, and alder. The v/heat differs in quantity in different 

 di'.frifts, fome fuper-abounding, and the others being defi- 

 cient ; and fome breed but few horned cattle and horfes, 

 \i hilft they abound in others. The heaths are covered with 

 numerous flocks of a fmall kind of fhcep, the wool of which 

 is long and coarfe. The culture of bees furniilies confider- 

 able quantities of honey and wax. The rivers fupply plenty 

 of good fifh. The river Elbe, which traverfes the E. and 

 N. fides of this principahty, ferv'es to fertilize the adjacent 

 raarfii-lands, and to afford other advantages by its fifneries, 

 r.avigation, and tolls. This principality contains three large 

 towns, wz. L.monburg, Velzen, and Zellc, with eleven 

 fmaller, and thirteen large villages. Its principal manu- 

 factures are thofe of linen, cotton, cloth, ribbons, ftockiii^s. 



and hats. The king of Great Britain derived from this 

 principality a feat and voice in the college of the princes of 

 tliL- empire, and the circle of Lower Saxony. By the peace 

 of Tillit, it was annexed to the new kingdom of Wedphalia. 



Lu.VENBURG, a county of Virginia, adjoining Noltaway, 

 Brunfwick, Mecklenburg, and Charlotte coui.ties ; about 

 30 miles long, and 20 broad. It contains 4505 free inha- 

 bitants, and jSyGflaves. — Alfo, a towniliip in Effcx county,, 

 in Vermont, feate^d on Connefticut river, S.W. of Guild- 

 hall, and N.E. of Concord, and containing 393 inhabitants. 

 — Alfo, a townfliip of Worcttter county, Mail'ach ifetts, on 

 an elevated fituation, 25 miles from the Great Monadnock 

 mountaii'i, in New Hamplliire. It contains 14.000 acres of 

 land, on which are I 243 inhabitants, and is more di.linguifhtd 

 by its falubrity than by its wealth. Tlie inhabitants have 

 little intercourfe or trade with their neighbours ; but they 

 carry on the nailing bufintfs to advantage. — Alfo, a town of 

 New York, i.i Green county, now called " Efperanza," 

 fituatcd on the W. lidc of Hudfon's riiJcr, oppofite to the 

 city of Hiidlon, and 30 miles S. of Albany. The foil of 

 this thriving village, or town, is uneven, nor is the foil very 

 good. — Alio, a county of Nova Scolia, on Mahone bay, 

 on the S. coaft of the province, facing the Atlantic ocean. 

 Its chief tovi'ns are New Dublin, Lunenburg, Chefter, and 

 Blandford. In Mahone bay, La Have, and Liverpool, 

 feveral fhips trade to England with timber and boards.^ 

 Alfo, a townfhip in the above county, Ctuatcd on Merli- 

 queth, or Merliquaf.i bay, well fettled bv a number of in- 

 duftrious Germans. The lands are good, and well culti- 

 vated ; 35 miles S.W. by S. from Halifax. 



LUNENSE Marmor, in ihs: Natural Hiflory of the j^n- 

 cieiits, the name of liiat fpecies of white marble, now known 

 among us by the name of the Carrara-marble, and diltin- 

 guifiied from the flatuary kind by its greater hardnefs and 

 lefs fplendour. It was ever greatly eilcemed in building and 

 ornamenial works, and is fo Itill. It is of a very clofe and 

 fine texture, of a very pure white, and next in purity to the 

 Parian marble. It has always been found in great quantities 

 in Italy, and is fo to this day. See Qarrara M.\RBLE. 



LUNES, or LowiNGs, m Falcowy, leafhes or longlafhes 

 to call in liavvks. 



LUNETTE, in Fortification, an invelopcd counterguard, 

 or elevation of earth, made beyond the fecond ditch, oppo- 

 fite to the places of arms ; differing from the ravelins only 

 in their fituation. ■ 



Lunettes are ufually made in ditches full of v/ater, and 

 ferve to the fame purJ)ofe as fauffcbrays, to dilpute tlie pai- 

 fage of the ditch. 



Lunettes arc placed on both fides of the ravelin, as B, B, 

 Plate Vlll. Fortification, Jig. 9:. to increafe the Itrength of 

 a plac? : they are conilruCted by biicfting the faces of the 

 ravelin with the perpsndicnlar L N, on which are fet off 30 

 toifes from the counterfcarp of the ditch, for one of its 

 faces ; the other face P N is found by making the femigorge 

 T P of 25 toifes ; the ditch before the lunettes is 1 2 toifes ; 

 the parapet three, and the rampart eight. Tliere is fometimes 

 another work made to cover the faliant angle of the ravelin, 

 fuch as A, called bonr.ti, whofe faces are parallel to thofe 

 of the ravelin, and when produced bilccl thofe ot the lu- 

 nettes ; the ditch before it being 10 toifes. There are like- 

 wife fome lunettes, whofe faces are drawn perpendicular to 

 thofe of the ravelin, within a third part from the f.uiaat 

 angle, and their femigorges are only 20 toifes. Mr. MuUer 

 recommends the face P N to be perpendicular to that of the 

 baftion, which would then defend it in a diredl manner ; and 

 if the femigorges of the bonnet A were only fcvcn or eight 



toileS) 



