L U T 



L U T 



inftrnment and ilrings, placing the frets, &c. But after the 

 deceafe of lioncil Thomas Mace, whofe ftyle much refemblos 

 that of Anthony Wood, thougli lie exceeds him in qiiaintncfs 

 and fimplicity, there were probably many refinements dif- 

 covered by great players, both in compofmg fur the inrtru- 

 ment and in performing upon it, which are now quite lolt. 



The inhabitants of Congo have a lute of a fingular kind. 

 The body and neck of this inllrument refemble ours ; but 

 the belly, that is, the place where the rofc or found-hole has 

 place in our lutes, is of very thin parchment ; which pro- 

 bably implies that the whole table or belly of this inllru- 

 ment is covered with parchment inftead of wood. It is 

 ftrung with the hair of an elephant's tail llie (Irongefl and 

 the bell that can be chofen ; or elfe wiih the bark of the 

 palm-tree. The firings reach from one end of the inllru- 

 ment to the other, and are fattened to rings fixed at dif- 

 ferent places of the lute one above the other.^ To thefe 

 rings are fufpended fmall plates of iron and filver of dif- 

 ferent fizes and different tones. In thrumming the ftrings 

 thefe rings are put in motion, which likewife move the little 

 nietal plates, and the whole forms a kind of murmuring har- 

 mony, or rather a confufcd noife, which is pretended not 

 to be difagrceable. The inhabitants likewife add, that in 

 thrumming the llriiigs of this inftrument in the way we pro- 

 duce found from the harp, the mufician expreffes his 

 thoughts as clearly as if he were fpeaking. Encycl. Siippl. 

 folio. 



Lute, Arcbi. See Akciluto. 

 Lute, Theorbo. See Theorbo. 



LUTE A, in Natural Hijhry, the name of a fpecies of 

 fly founi'ifrequently near waters after rain ; it is of a dun- 

 nifh-yellow colour, the wings are long, and the eyes large 

 and prominent ; the tail is thick, and has two hairs of a cmii- 

 fiderable length growing at the head, fo that i: is of the 

 bifetK kind. 



LuTEA is alfo a name by which fome authors have called 

 the yellow-hammer. See Emberiza Citrinella. 



LUTEEFGUR, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, 

 fituated in a pafs between the mountains of Benares, where 

 the air is very infaUibrious ; 15 miles S.E. of Chunar'. 



LUTEOLA, in Bota7iy, the herb Vv^eld, Dyer's-weed, 

 or Yellow-weed, fo called from luteus, yellow, becaufe it is 

 of very general ufe in various countries for giving that co- 

 lour to woollen clotli or yarn. See Reseda. 



LuTEOLA, in Ornithology, a name given by many to a fmall 

 bird, the Motacilla Trochilus of Linnius (which fee), 

 called by others a/t/us, and by others regulus non crijlatus ; 

 but this lall is a name that has occafioned fome coiifufion, 

 as many have erroneoully called our common wren the regulus, 

 and as it has no crell, imagined it to be the bird meant by 

 this name. 



It is, excepting the crefted wren, the fmalleft of all Eu- 

 ropean birds, and it very little exceeds that in fize ; its head, 

 neck, and back are of a greeiiilh-brown ; the rump is greener 

 than the reft ; it has a yellow line on each iide, extended 

 from the noftrils, beyond the eyes, to the hinder part of the 

 head ; the breall, throat, and belly are yellow, with a very 

 faint call of green ; the wings and tail are brown, and all 

 their feathers are tipped with green at their ends ; the under 

 part of the wings has much of a very fine green ; the beak 

 IS extremely llender, and half an inch long ; the mouth is 

 yellow within ; it makes a loud noife, like that of a grafs- 

 hopper, and is principally found among willows; it is con- 

 tinually creeping and finging among the branches of trees ; 

 it builds with liraw and feathers, and lays five eggs, which 

 are white, and fpotted with red : there is a confiderable 

 variation in the colours of thefe birds j fome of them being 



much greener on the back, and much whiter on the belly 

 than others. 



LUTE REE, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Lahore; 33 miles N. of Jummoo. 



LUTHER, Maktin, in Biography, the celebrated author 

 of phe Reformation in Germany, deicended from parents in 

 very humble circumllances, was born at Eifleben, in Saxony, 

 in the year 14S3. He difcovered an early inchnation for 

 learning, and having attained the rudiments of grammar 

 under his father's roof, he was fent to fchool at Magdeburg, 

 where he continued only about a year, and during that ftiort 

 period he fupported himfelf, like many other poor German 

 (cholars, by hteraliy begging his bread. From Magdeburg 

 ho went to Eilenach, in Thuringia, and diftinguifhed him- 

 felf in a fchool of high reputation, by his diligence and pro- 

 ficiency. In I JO I he was entered at the univerfity of 

 Erfurt, and in a very fliort time, having a mind fu];erior to 

 the Icholaitic modes of inilrudtion then in ufe, he became 

 difgulled with thole fubtilc and uniiillrufli\-e fciences. He 

 immediately applied himfelf v/ith the greatell ardour and 

 affiduity to the works of the ancient Latin writer?, fuch as 

 Cicero, Virgil, Livy, Sallull, &c. and fuch was the fuccefs 

 with which he ftudied, that he became the objeft of admi- 

 ration to the whole univerfity. He took his degree of 

 M.A. when he was fcarcely twenty years of age, and im- 

 mediately afterwards began to read lefturcs on Arillotle's 

 phyfics, on ethics, and other branches of phiL>fcpliy. He 

 began now to conliderthe proftiTion which he (hould adopt 

 for his fupport in life, and, by the perfuafion of his friends, 

 he turned his attention to jiirifprudence ; but an accident, 

 to which he was witnefs, -y.'-s. the death of a friend by the 

 difcharge of a thunder-cloud, fo fenfibly affedled him, that 

 he determined to retire from the world into a convent of the 

 Auguftine friars. No entreaties on the part ot his friends 

 could divert him from his plan, which he conceived to be a 

 duty that he owed to God, and accordingly alTjmed the 

 habit of that order. He now applied himfelf very dili- 

 gently to the ftudy of theology, and turned his mind fo 

 eagerly to the reading of ths Latin bible, which he had met 

 with by accident, as to excite the moil lively emotions of 

 furprife and aftonifhment among the monks, who were little 

 accuftomed to derive their notions concerning religion from 

 tliat fource. Having paffed a year in the monailery of 

 Erfurt, he took the vows, and was, in 1507, admitted to 

 priells' orders. His great atid profound learning, the fanc- 

 tity of his moral conduft, and his extenfive knowledge of 

 the holy fcriptures, were generally knov.'n and applauded ; 

 and in the following year, Frederick, ele<;:tor of Saxony, 

 having lately founded an univerfity at Wittemburg, ap- 

 pointed Luther to the profcfforfl'.ip of philofophy, and 

 afterwards that of divinity. The duties attached to thefe 

 offices he difcharged with fo much ability, and in a method 

 fo totally different from the rfual mechanical and dull forms 

 of ledluring, that he was crowded with pupils trotu ail 

 quarters, and was regarded as the chief ornament of the 

 univerfity. In 15 10, Luther was fent to Rome by the 

 monks of his order, to get fome difputes between them and 

 their vicar -general fettled by his holinefs the gope. While 

 in that city, he made his obfervations on the pope and the 

 government of the church of Rome; he examined the man- 

 ners of the clergy, which he feverely cenfured, particularly 

 as to the hafty and flovenly method which they adopted in 

 performing divine fervice. The careleffiiefs with which they 

 were accullomed toqper up their prayers to Almighty God, 

 he declares excited in his bread fentiments of allonifliinent 

 and horror. As foon as he had accomphfhed the obje6t of 

 his miffioa he returned to Wittemburg, where, in 15 12, he 



had 



