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crimes ; that wc are only juftified by the imputation of 

 the merits and fatisfaftion of Chrift. He alio oppofcJ 

 the faitings in the Romifli church, monaftical vows, the 

 celibacy of the clergy, &c. . 



Some authors reckon thirty-nine different fecls, which at 

 different times have fprung up among the Lutherans. 



LUTHERANS, a kA of Proteif ants who profefs Lu- 

 theranifm, or adhere to the doftrine and tenets of Luther. 



The Lutherans, of r,ll Proteftants, are ihofe who differ 

 leafl from 1;he Romifn church ; as they affirm, that the body 

 and blood of Chrift are materially preient in the facrament of 

 the Lord's fupper, though in an incomprehenfible manner ; 

 and hkewife reprefcnt fome religious rites and inftitutions, as 

 the ufe of images in churches, the diflinguifhing veftments 

 of the clergy, the private confefTion of fins, the ufe of 

 wafers in the adminillration of the Lord's fupper, the form 

 of exorcifra in the celebration of baptifm, and other cere- 

 monies of the like nature, as tolerable, and fome of them 

 as ufeful. The Lutherans maintain, with regard to the 

 divine decrees, that they refpeft the falvation or mifery of 

 men, in confequence of a previous knowledge of their fenti- 

 ments and charafters, and not as free and unconditional, and 

 as founded on the mere will of God. Towards the clofe of 

 the lafl century, the Lutherans began to entertain a greater 

 liberality of fentiment than they had before adopted; though 

 in many places they perfevered longer in fevere and defpotic 

 principles than other Proteftant churches. Their public 

 teachers now enjoy an unbounded Jibcrty of diffenting from 

 the decifions of thofe fymbols or creeds, which were once 

 deemed almoft infallible rules of faith and practice, and of 

 declaring their diffeut in the manner tliey judge the moft ex- 

 pedient. Mofheim attributes this change in their fentiments 

 to the maxim, which they generally adopted, that Chriftians 

 were accountable to God alone for their religious opinions ; 

 and that no individual could be juftly punifhed by the magif- 

 trate for his erroneous opinions, while he condufted himfelf 

 like a virtuous and obedient fubjeft, and made no attempts 

 to difturb the peace and order of civil fociety. Eccl. Hift. 

 vol. iv. p. 440. Eng. ed. 8vo. 



LUTHERN, from the French liicarne, of the Latin 

 htcerna, light, or lankrn, a kind of window over the cornice, 

 in the roof of a building ; ftandiHg perpendicularly over 

 the naked of the wall ; and ferving to illuminate the upper 

 ftory. 



The French architefts diftinguifh thefe into varior.s kinds, 

 according to their various forms ; as fquare, femkircular, 

 bulls' eyes, Jlat arches, Flemi/l} luiherns, &c. 



LUTHIER, Fr. implies not only a lute maker, but a 

 maker of all llringed and bowed inftruments. 



LUTl, Benedetto, in Biography, a Florentine, was 

 the difciple of Gabbiani, and from him went to Rome, to 

 put himfelf under the direftion of Giro Ferri ; but being 

 difappointed by his death, formed a ftyle of his own, the 

 refult of various imitations ; feleft in defign, amene and 

 lucid in colour, well contralted by malfes of hght and (hade, 

 and harmonious to the eye. 



He painted not without merit in frefco, and wi'h greater 

 merit in oil " Cain flying from his murdered Brother," has 

 fomething of the fublimity and the pathos that llrike in 

 the Pietro Martyre of Titian, and his Pfyche i!i the irallery 

 of the Capitol, breathing refinement of talle and elegance. 

 He died in 1724, at the age of 58. Fufeh's Pilkington. 



LUTKENBORG, in Geography, a town 01 the duchy 

 of Holllein ; 30 nii'es N. of Lubeck. 



LUTOMIRSK, a town of the duchy of Warfaw ; 18 

 miles S.S.E. of Lcncicz. 



LUTON, a conl'ideiable market-town and parifh in the 



2 



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hundred of Fiitt, Bedfordfliire, England, is fituated among 

 fome hills on the banks of the river Lea, flu-ee miles from 

 Dunftable, and 3 1 from London. The town h long and 

 irregular, fliaped fomething like the Roman Y, the angles 

 branching of!" from the market-houfe, which is an extenfive 

 building. ' The population of the parifli, according to the 

 return in the year 1801, was 3095, inhabiting 612 honfes, 

 which are but indifferently built. The only ftrudlure in the 

 town deferving attention is the church, which conlifts of a 

 choir, a nave and two aifles, fupportetJ by ten pointed arches, 

 two tranfepts, and a handfome embattled tower at the weft: 

 end, checqucrcd with flint and free-ftone ; tx the corners are 

 hexangular turrets fimilar to that at Eiunftable. The arch 

 of the weff door is ornamented with rpouldings of various 

 flowers, &c. Within the church is a Angular piece of ancient 

 architedture, an ottagonal ftone font, inclofed in a lofty 

 wooden frame of pointed arches, terminated with elegant 

 tabernacle work. The confecrated water, during the preva- 

 lence of the Roman ceremonies, was kept in a large bafon 

 at the top, whence it was let down by the prieft, through a 

 pipe into the font. On the infide of the roof a vine is re- 

 prefented, guarded by a lamb from the adaulls of a dragon : 

 emblematical of the defence which baptiim affords to the 

 church from the attempts of the devil. On the north fide 

 of the choir is an .elegant chapel, founded by John lord 

 Wenlock, who bore a diftinguifhed part in the contell be- 

 tween the houfes of York and Lancafier. The principal 

 manufafture carried on in Luton is that of llraw hats : a 

 weekly market, noted for its abundant fupply of corn, is 

 held on Mondays ; it is of great antiquity, being mentioned 

 in the Domefday Survey, where the tolls are valued at loos. 

 per annum : and here are two annual fairs. .John Pomfret, 

 the poet, was a native of this cown : his father was firfl 

 curate and then vicar of the parifh. 



About three miles from the town, on an elevated fituation 

 at the border of the Bedfordfliire downs, in the midfl of a 

 well wooded park, ftands Luton-Hoo houfe, the feat of the 

 marquis of Bute. The old park, which (onfifted of about 

 30oacres, inclofed by fir RobertNapier, was enlarged to 1200, 

 by the late earl of Bute, and now contauis about ij'oo acres. 

 The manfion was in a great meafure rebuilt by the late 

 earl, who employed Mr. Adam the architeft. The princi- 

 pal rooms, pai-tieularly the library, drawing-room, and fa- 

 loon, are on a magnificent fcale. The library, which is 146 

 feet in length, is efteemed but little inferior to that of Blen- 

 heim. The colledfion of piftures is very large and valuable, 

 chiefly of the Italian and Flemifli fchools. The chapel is 

 fitted up with carving in wood, wiiich was originally exe- 

 cuted for fir Thomas Pope at Tittenhangcr, Herts, in 1548, 

 and removed to Luton in perfect prefervation by fir Robert 

 Napier. In the adjoining w'ood is a portico, a beautiful 

 piece of brick building, defigned for a manfion intended to 

 have been built by lord Weniock, but which was never com- 

 pleted : and in the park is a ifone tower of great antiquity. 

 Beauties of England and Wales, vol. i. Lyfons's Magna 

 Britannia, vol. i. 



LUTRA, in Zoology, a fpecies of Mufhla. See Mus- 

 TEL-l Lutra, and OxTEK. 



LU TRY, in Geography, a pleafant little town of Swit- 

 zerland, in a diHridl ot the Pays de Vaud, between Lau- 

 faiine and Vevay, called '■ La Vaux," on the N- coafl of the 

 lake of Geneva ; three miles E. of Laufanne. 



LUTTENBERO, a town of the duchy of Stiria, on 

 the rl^er S'a.itz ; 12 mdes E. of Pettau. N. lat. 46 ^5'. 

 E. lo"g. 16° 8'. 



LUTTER, a town of Weftphalia, in the duchy of 

 Brunfwick ; 1 1 miles N.W. of Gofs'ar. 



LUTTER- 



