LUX 



LUX 



count of Bouttevillo, who was beheaded under Lewis XIII. 

 for fighting a duel, was born in 1628. He was educated 

 for the military profcflion, and at tlie age of fifteen was, 

 at the battle of Rocroi, under the ilkilhious Conde, whole 

 various fortunes he followed. He refembled that hero in 

 feveral of his qualities, and was himfelf admitted a duke and 

 peer of France. In 1667, he was promoted to a lieutenant- 

 general(hip, and in that charadler he was, in the following 

 year, aftive in the conquell of Franchc-Comte. He had the 

 chief command, in 1672, in the invafion of Holland, where, 

 in one campaign, he took a number of towns, and gained 

 the battles of Bodcgrave and Woerden : after this, he made 

 a famous retreat with an army of 20,000 men, againll 

 70,000. In l'675, he was oppofed to the prince of Orange, 

 and by his fucctfs obtained the dignity of marlhal of France. 

 In 1690, he gained the battle of Fleurus, which was followed 

 by feveral other very important viftories. Previoudy to thefe 

 laft-named fucceffes he had been detained a prifoner in the 

 Baftile more than a year, on charges connedled with his 

 amours, to which, notvvithftanding the deformity of his 

 perfon«ind features, he was much addifted. He died in 

 1695, and with him, it has been faid, terminated the viftories 

 and grandeur of Lewis XIV. No general after him poflefled, 

 to fo high a degree, the attachment and confidence of the 

 foldiers. His uniform fuccefs, when contending with king 

 William, rendered him an objeil of jealoufy to that prince, 

 who once, in the bitternefs of his heart, called him a 

 " hump-back ;" " What does he know of my back," faid 

 the mar(hall, " he never faw it i" Moreri. 



LUXEMBURG, in Geography, one of the ten Catholic 

 provinces of the Netherlands before the French revolution, 

 bounded on the north by the bilhopric of Liege, and duchies 

 of Limburgh and Juliers, on the E. by the eleftorate of 

 Treves, and on the S. and W. by France ; to which, by a 

 late treaty, it is now annexed, conftituting, in part, the 

 department of the Fonts ; which fee. It lies in the centre 

 of the forell of Ardennes. Its foil, though not fertile, pro- 

 duces fome corn ; but it furnilhes a good breed of cattle, 

 wine, all forts of game, iron-works, and founderies for 

 cannon, which are the chief lource of its wealth. It is 

 watered by many fmall rivers which run into the Meufc and 

 Mofelle. It contains, befides the city of Luxemburg, 23 

 other fmaller towns. 



LuxEMBUUG, a city of France, principal place of a diftrift, 

 and capital of the department of the Fordts. From being 

 a caftle, built by the people of Treves, it was enlarged by 

 t\\s Romans, and called " Augufta Romanorum." When 

 Merovinus, king of France, conquered the country, it was 

 called the " city of the fun," becaufe the fun was anciently 

 adored there, aj the moon was at Arlon, Jupiter at Ivoy, now 

 called Carignan, and Mars at Marche en Famine. This city 

 is fmall, but ftrong, on account both of its fituation and forti- 

 fications, which vi'ei-e thought to be the Ifrongeft in Europe. 

 It is divided by the river Alfitz, which runs through it, into 

 the Upper and Lower Towns ; the former being fituated on 

 a rock, the latter in a plain. Its number of inhabitants is 

 eilimated at about 10,000, its two cantons contain 20,522, 

 on a territory of 247-'; kilioraetrcs, in 14 communes. Having 

 frequency changed matters, being at one time in the poflef- 

 fion of France, at another lime in that of Spain, again under 

 the dominion of the States General, to which it was ceded 

 by the barrier treaty in 170 1, and afterwards, vl-i. in 171 J, 

 poffefTed by the emperor ; it was blockaded by the French, 

 after they had acquired by arms the furrounding country, 

 and f'lrrendercd to them on the 7th of June, 1795, by capi- 

 tulation The furrendcr of Luxemburg put the French in 

 pofTelUon of the whole country on the left of the Rhine, 



except Mcntz ; 50 miles S.S.E. of Liege. N. lat. 49' 40'. 

 E. long. 6- 13'. 



LUXEUIL, ■& town of France, in the department of the 

 Upper Saone, and chief place of a canton, in the dillrifl of 

 Lnre ; 14 miles N.E. of Vefoul. The place contains 3080, 

 and the canton 13,261 inhabitants, on a territory of 190 

 kiliometres, in 27 communes. N. lat. 47'' 49'. E. long. 

 6 27'. 



LUXOR, LuxoREiN, 01- jlkfor, a village of Egypt, on the 

 right fide of the Nile, the fcite of which is the ruins of the 

 celebrated city of Thebes, which fee. Of thefe ruins we (hall 

 now only mention from Mr. Browne's Travuls (p. 135.), 

 that they extend for about three leagues in length along the 

 Nile. Eaft and weft they reach to the mountains, a breadth 

 of about 2A leagues. The river is here about 300 yards 

 broad. The circumference of the ancient city muft, there- 

 fore, have been about 27 miles. This ingenious traveller is 

 of opinion that Luxor and Akfor are corruptions of El 

 Kuffur, the real term, which is Hill apphcd to the ruins by 

 the Arabs ; 18 miles S. of Kous. 



LUXURIANT Plants, a term in Gardening, fignify- 

 ing fuch as become greatly augmented in growth beyond 

 their common natural ftate, and which rarely acquire that 

 degree of perfection which is the cafe with thofe of more 

 moderate growths. This fometimes happens from the cx- 

 cefs of nouridiment, and fometimes from the nature of the 

 plants. 



But it is produced differently ; fometimes prevailing in 

 the whole plant, fometimes in particular parts, as in fome of 

 the (hoots, and frequently in the flowers. 



The firit of thefe may be confidered fuch as (hoot much 

 ftronger than plants of the fame fpecies generally do, and 

 it happens both in herbaceous plants and trees, &c. which 

 never attain perfection fo foon as the more moderate growers ; 

 thus, many forts of efcnlent plants, which (hoot luxuriantly 

 to leaves and ftalks, &c. as cucumbers, melons, cabbages, 

 cauhflowers, turnips, radifhes, beans, peas, &c. never arrive 

 fo foon to perfeftion as thofe of moderate growth ; and fuch 

 plants as appear to be naturally of themfelves of a very luxu- 

 riant nature, are very improper to (land, from which to fave 

 feed for future increafe. 



And ihii is alfo the cafe in fruit-trees ; as fuch as are very 

 luxuriant fliooters are much longer before they attain a 

 bearing ftate than thofe of middling growth, and they never 

 bear fo plentifully, or have the fruit attain fuch perfeftion. 

 This luxuriance is frequently acquired by unfltiiful pruning, 

 efpecially in wall-trees, &c. as it is often the practice, when 

 wal! or efpalier trees affume fuch a growth, to cut all the 

 (hoots (hort ; by which, inftead of reducing the tree to a 

 moderate ftate of (liooting, it has its vigour increafed, as too 

 confiderable fhortening of ftrong (hoots promotes their 

 throwing out ftill ftronger, and producing mori? abundant or 

 fiiperfluous wood. Therefore, in pruning very luxuriant 

 efpaher and wall-fruit trees, they fliould beaffilfed fomewhat 

 in their own way, as it were, by training in plenty of ftioots 

 annually for a year or two, to divide the redundancy of fap ; 

 or, in the fummer and winter prunings, always leaving them 

 rather thicker than in the common praftice, and mollly at 

 full length, unlefs it be neceffary to (horten fuch as are of 

 very confiderable length, or in fome particular part of the 

 tree, to force out a fupply of wood to fill a vacancy. Some 

 forts of fruit-trees fhould, indeed, never be generally fliortened 

 in the common courle of pruning, except in cafual, very 

 extended, irregular growths, or occafionally for procuring 

 a fupply of wood, as mentioned above. This is par- 

 ticularly neceffary in apples, pears, plums, cherries, and 

 fig-trees ; for, if generally (hortening was to be praftifed 



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