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mote their rooting, fo as to form ftronger plants before the 

 winter fcafon comes on. 



The only culture they require afterwards is clearing them 

 from weeds in fummer, and fupporting with ftakes thole 

 whidi need it, cutting down and clearing away the decayed 

 ftalks in the autumn. 



Of the third fort, as being rather more tender, fome 

 plants (hould be planted in pots, for moving under the pro- 

 teftion of a frame or gvtcnhoufe in the winter feafon. 



All thcfe plants are very ornamental for the pleafure- 

 groi'nd, particularly the doubles, and profper in any com- 

 mon foil, remaining in all weathers unhurt, being of many 

 vears duration in root ; and, when of feme ftaiiding, fend 

 up many llalks every fpring, terminated by numerous flowers, 

 making a fine appearance in fummer. The fcarlet double 

 lychnis claims the preference, though the fingle fcar'et^ fort 

 is alfo very fhovvy. And all the other fpecies in their re- 

 fpeftive double-flowered Hates are ornamental. They arc 

 all kept in the nurferies for I'ale. In planting out, the tailed 

 growers ihonld be placed the moft backward, and the others 

 more townrds the front. 



LYCHNITIS Marmor. See Marble. 



LYCI A,in v-/.»;afn/Gfo^r«/)/j_>r, acouiitryof AfiaMinor,on- 

 ginally called Mylias, from the Myllix, a people of Crete, who 

 fettled there, and afterwards Lycia, from Lycus, the fon of 

 Pandion, king of Athens ; fituated upon the Mediterranean, 

 and forming a kind of peninfula, on the weft of which was the 

 Glaucus Siims, and on the eaft another gulf, in the lower 

 part of whicii was Attalea. To the fouth was the Medi- 

 terranean. The adjacent countries were on the weft, Caria, 

 to the north a fmall part of Phrygia Pacatiana, and to the 

 north-ead Pamphylia. Its boundaries were various at dif- 

 ferent times. Ptolemy places in Lycia the countries called 

 Mylias and Carbalia, or Cabalia. Plmy fays that the 

 Lycians had thirty-fix towns; Strabo alcribes to them 

 twenty-tliree, of which fix were very toufiderable. Lycia 

 was interfodcd by federal chains of mountains, paiTing from 

 the north and north-ealt, and extending towards the fea-. 

 The moil con fiderable rivers were the Xanthus and Limyrus. 

 Its principal towns were Telmiffus, Pinara, Xanthus, Pa- 

 tara, Myra, Lirayra, Olympus, and Phafelis. The fix 

 towns, particularly noticed' by Strabo, after Aitemidorus, 

 were Xanthus, Palara, Pinara', Olympus, Myra, and Tlos. 

 The chief mountains of Lycia were Taurus and Chimjera. 

 In the firft ages of Chrillianity, Hierocles reckons as epif- 

 copal thirty towns, and Leon le Sage thirty-eight. The in- 

 habitants of Lycia were originally from the ifland of Crete : 

 and they were for a long time additted to piracy. Diodorus 

 liiciilus, and Plato before him, reckon the Lycians among 

 the Greek natio-s of Afia, as being defcended from the Ar- 

 gians. Although they were governed by kings, it does not 

 appear that the government was completely monarchical ; a 

 confederacy having been formed by twenty-three cities, which 

 fent deputies to a general affembly, by which the affairs of 

 the liation were managed. The foil of this country was 

 fruitful, and the air reckoned very wholefomc. The Ly- 

 cians are highly commended by the ancients for their fo- 

 brietv, and manner of adminillering judice. They continued 

 to be' governed by their own kings after they were fubdued 

 bv the Perfians, paying them tribute. They afterwards fell 

 with the Perfians under the power of the Macedonians, and 

 after the death of Alexander, were governed by the Seleu- 

 cida:. When Antiochus the Great was confined by the 

 Romans beyond mount Taurus, Lycia was granted to the 

 Rhodians ; but thefe difobliging the Romans in the war 

 with Perfeus, Lycia was declared a free country, and con- 

 tinued in this date till the reign of Clfudius, who, pro- 



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voked at their intedine didentions, reduced llieir country 

 into the form of a province. 



LYCIUM, ill Botany, Xvy.mi, of the Greeks, fo called, as 

 is generally fuppolVd, from Lycia, its native country ; but 

 what was the precife plant intended, has never been fettled by 

 commentators. Dioicoridcs defcnbes it as a " fpinous tree, 

 with twigs thi'ee cubits or more in length, bearing thick-fet 

 leaves, like box. The fruit is like pepper, black, thick-fet, 

 bitter, and fmooth. Bark pale. Roots woody." This 

 defcription accords in many points with fomc fpecies of the 

 received Lycium, but with none, that we are acquainted 

 with, in every point. Box-thorn. Linn. Gen. 103. Sclireb. 

 ij6. WiUd.'Sp. PL V. I. 10)7. Mart. Mill. Didt. v. 3. Ait. 

 Hort. Kew. ed. 2. v. 2, 3. Sm. Prodr. Fl. Graec. Sibth. v. i. 

 Ijy. Jud. 126. Lamarck Illtiftr. t. I12. Gxrtn. t. 132. 

 (Jafminoides ; Mich. Gen. 224. t. 105. Diihamcl Arb. v. i. 

 305.) — Clafs and order, Pottandrla xVIoiiogyma. Nat. Ord. 

 LiUt'idx, Linn. Solanete, Jud. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, fmall, fiightly five- 

 cleft, obtufe, ereft, permanent. Cor. of one petal, fuiinel- 

 fliaped ; lube cylindrical, fpreading, incurved ; limb fmall, 

 in five deep, obtufe, fpreading fcgments. Stam. FilaniL-nts 

 five, awl-fliaped, inferted into the middle of the tube, and 

 clofing its orifice with their beard-like hairinefs, fliorter than 

 the limb ; anthers erect. P'ifl. Germen fuperior, roundifli ;' 

 dyle fimple, projefting beyond the ftamens ; digma cloven, 

 thickifli. Per'tc. Berry roundidi, of two cells. Seeds fe- 

 veral, kidney-diaped. Receptacles convex, fixed on each fide 

 of the partition. 



Ed. Ch. Corolla tubular ; its orifice clofed by the 

 beards of the filaments. Berry of two cells, with many- 

 feeds. 



The fpecies of this genus have been very imperfcflly 

 explained in many of tlie works of Linnaeus. The four- 

 teenth edition of Syjl. Veg.y edited by Murray, contains 

 eleven, of which the llrrt and fifth are one and the lama 

 plant, no Lycium at all, but the Serljfa of Juflieu ; fee 

 Willd. Sp. PI. v. I. 1 06 1 ; fee alfo our article Dysoda. 

 The feventh and eighth alfo are but one fpecies, huerhaetv'i- 

 folium of Linn. Suppl. and the eleventh, capfulare of Sp. PI. 

 27S, appears, by tlie Linnxaii herbarium, to be a uoiide- 

 fcript fpecies of Hydroka ; called glabra in the Bankfiaa 

 culleftion, where is the other half of the very fame fpecimen, 

 of which a part was fent to LiiniEus by Miller, who re- 

 ceived it from New Spain. Seven, therefore, only of the 

 above number remain, to which three are added from Thun- 

 berg, in WiUdenovv. The latter, therefore, is corredl in 

 his enumeration, except with refpect to the cerffu /are. But 

 Thunberg has given more recent illuftration of his own new 

 fpecies in the ninth volume of the Linnsean Society's Tranf- 

 actions, with plates. We fliall briefly defcribe the whole, 

 with an additional fpecies from Michaux. 



I. L. afrum. African Box-thorn. Linn. Sp. PI. 277. 

 (L. foliis linearibus ; Trew. Ehret. 4. t. 24. Jafminoides _ 

 acultatum humile, halimi minoris folio, dore majori vioiaceo, 

 fruftu crafiiore, per maturitatem flavcfcente ; Mich. Gen. 

 224. t. 105. f. 2.) — Leaves clullered, linear, tapering at the 

 bafe. Branches draight, ending in a fpine. — Native of the 

 north of Africa, and fome parts of Spain. It has been 

 long cultivated in the greenhoufes of the curious, but has 

 little to attract general admiration. The^yZtOT is ihrubby, 

 rigid, much branched ; each branch ending m a did draight 

 fpine. Lcai'es linear, bluntifh, entire, various in length and 

 breadth, many together in lateral cinders, fmooth, rather 

 glaucous and flcfliy. Flowers foLtary, purple, about an 

 inch long, drooping ; on fimple llalks, ulually twice or 

 thrice as long as the calyx. 'Linna'us cites Micheli very 



erroneoufly. 



