L Y D 



L Y G 



he afcribed tlie invention to Anthippus ; and a little further, 

 he lays, that the Lydian nortic proper for the flute was in- 

 vented by Olympus or Marfyas. 



For the fca'c and names or tharaftcrs of the notes in the 

 Lydian mode, fee Music of the Greeks, and Notation. 

 The Lydian mode correfponded with our key of E. 



Lydian Stone ; Lydifcher fidn, Wern. ; Bafanlte, Kirw. ; 

 rifrre corncenne of feme French mineralogifts ; vulgarly 

 Touch Jlone, Black jafper, &c. 



Its colour is commonly greyifh-black, which fometimes 

 approaches to blucifh and velvet black. 



It is found maffive and in irregular blunt-edged rolled 

 pieces, fomctimes traverfed by veins of quartz, which are 

 however more frequently feen in the common flint-diite, of 

 which the Lydian llone is confidered to be a fubfpecics. 



Externally fmoolh and glillening ; internally it is mpre or 

 lefs glimmering. Its frafture is even, approaching to flat 

 conchoidal, and alfo fometimes to uneven and fplintery ; in 

 the large it pafTes into flaty. Fragments indeterminately 

 angular, moftly (harp-edged ; they are opaque, felJom 

 tranflucent at the edges. 



It is hard, but lefs fo than quartz ; brittle ; not very 

 eafdy frangible. Specific gravity 2. ^y6, Kirwan ; 2.880, 

 Grofs ; 2.SS7, Gerhard. 



The Lydian ftone is, like the common flint-flatc, infufible 

 per fe ; and it generally retains its black colour in a very in- 

 tenfe heat. 



With regard to its geognoftic fituation it differs confidera- 

 bly from the common Filnt-jlate (wiiich fee) ; for it does not, 

 like this, form entire mountains, but only fingle ftrata. 

 Thus it occurs alternating in uniform flrata with primitive 

 day flate, in Saxony, Davreuth, &c. To Mohs, however, 

 it appears to be only the newer clay-date formation which 

 contains fuch ftrata ; lince the older clay (late of the lofty 

 ridges of mountains in the Saxon Erzijebirge appears to 

 be entirely dellitute of Lydian ftone. In fecondary forma- 

 tions, fuch as the greywacke mountains, it occurs partly 

 as rolled pieces (being the produfts of a deftroyed older 

 formation), partly in beds in uniform ftrata alternating with 

 greywacke and greywacke flate : of this latter numerous ex- 

 amples occur in the Hartz mountains. Of the older forma- 

 tion of this rock, it is worth remarking that it occurs with 

 traces of carbone. 



The beds of Lydian ftone, where they ballc out, appear 

 very much rent, and divided into cubic maffes ; and, indeed, 

 this cubic form is ftill more or lefs difciVnible in the boul- 

 ders and rolled pieces of this fubftance found in brooks and 

 rivers. Mohs. 



LYDIAT, Thomas, in Biography, an Englilh matlie- 

 matician, was born at Okerton, in. Oxfordfliirc, in 1572, and 

 was educated at Winchefter-fchool, from whence he removed 

 to New college, Oxford, where he obtained a fellowfliip. 

 He applied himfelf with great afiiduity to the ftudy of the 

 languages, philofophy, aftronomy, the mathematics, &c. 

 In the year 1603 he refigned his fellowfliip, and contented 

 himfeif with living on his patrimonial eftatc. The next 

 feven years he fpent in publifliing feveral books which he had 

 begun in the college, particularly his " Einendatio Tempo- 

 rum a^ initio mundi hue uf(jue compendio fafta, contra Sca- 

 ligerum." This work was dedicated to Henry, prince of 

 Wales, who appointed him his chronrgrapber and cofmogra- 

 pher. In 1609 he became acquainted with archbifliop Ulher, 

 who gave him a lituation in the colhjge at Dublin, which he 

 held about two years. In 1612 he xvas prt-laulcd to the 

 rectory of Okerton. He was a great futicrer for liis loyalty 

 in the civij wars : at one time he was lo completely ftnpped 

 «f all his property, that for jbree muuths logetUer. he >vas 



Vol. XXL 



under the ncccdity of borrowiitg a (hirf, to be able to 

 change his linen. He was twice forced away from his own 

 houfc, and once made a prifoner in ^^''ap^vick caftle. He- 

 died extremely poor in 1^46, when he was about 74 years of 

 age. In 1669 a Itone, with an infcription, was placed over 

 his grave, at the expence of the fellows and wardens of hii 

 college: an honorary monument was liken ife ercfled to his 

 memory. He was a perfon of fmall ftature, but of great 

 parts, and of a public foul : he was a man of confiderable 

 and various erudition, and held in high cftiination by learned 

 men both at home and abroad. He wrote a great number 

 of books, befides that already referred to, as i. " De v^riis 

 annorum fonnisi," and a defence of the fame in reply to 

 Clavius and Scaliger. 2. " On the Origin of Fountains." 

 3. Several treatifes on Philofophy and Aftronomy, &c. He 

 left behind him a number of MSS. 



LYDOWIARY, in Geography, a town of Samogitia ; 

 eight miles N.W. of Rofienne. 



LYE, in Agriculture, any watery fluid much impregnated 

 with faline matter. In hufljandry the term is generally ap- 

 plied to fuch fluids as are employed for the purpofe of fteep- 

 ing grain ; in which cales the ^)eft critericn of their ftrength 

 is that of the fwimming of an egg. See Steep. 



LvE, Edwvhd, in Biography, a learned antiquarian, and 

 great mailer of the Gothic and Saxon tongues, to whofe 

 labours we have had frequent occafion to refer, was bom at 

 Totiiefs, in Devon fhire, about the year 1694, where his 

 father kept a fchool. He was educated at home till he was 

 about nineteen years of a^e, when he was admitted at Hert- 

 ford college, Oxford : here he took his degrees, and in 1719 

 was ordained prieft, and prefented to the livmg of Haughton- 

 parva, in Northaniptonfliirc. In this fituation he emploved 

 himfeif in the profound ftudy of the Anglo-Saxon language. 

 His firft publication was an edition of the " Etymologicum 

 Anglicanum'' of F.'ancis Junius, from the author's MS. in 

 the Bodleian library. To this he prefixed an Anglo-Saxon 

 grammar. In 1750 he was prefented to the vicarage of 

 Yardley-Haftings. After this lie publifhed the Gothic gof- 

 pels, with a Gothic grammar prefixed to them : but the great 

 labour of the latter part of his life was his Anglo-Saxon and 

 Gothic diftionary, which he had juft finiflied and put to 

 prcfs, when death lernilnaled his labours in 1767. It was 

 publiflied under the direction of the Rev. O. Manning in 

 1772. 



LYEMMER. See Leviner. 



LYGDINUM Mahmoh. See Madbtk. 



LYGDUS Lai'Is, in Nnlural Hijlory, a name given by 

 fome of the ancients to the fpecies ot alahafter, which others 

 of them called marmor lygHinum, by whicli name there is only^ 

 one fpecies. 



LYGE, in Geography, -a. town of Norway, near a lake 

 of the fame nainc ; l6jiiiles N.W. of Chriftianfand. 



LYCEUM, in Botany, one of Loefling's genera, and 

 fo called from /(.(■>o , a rod or ttvig, in aliuiion to the tough 

 pliant rulhy nature of the plant. I.,oefl. It. 284. t. 2. 

 Linn. Gen. 3!. Schreb. 45. Willd 8p. PI. v. i. 316. 

 Mart. Mill. Ditt. V. 3 Ait. Horr. Kew. ed. i v. j. 133. 

 .liifl". 33. Lamarck llluflr. t. 39. Richard in Sims and 

 Kon. Ann. of liot. v. 2. 548. t IJ — Clafs and order, Tri- 

 aiidria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. ^Gramina. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Giume of one o\-atc, coiivolirted, pointed, 

 permanent valve, at length inflexcd, feparating at the lower 

 fide, and containing two equal, oppofiie, parallel, level .be- 

 rets. Cor. of two valves, very hairy at the b.ifc, permanent ; 

 the ou'ermoft t.vdto, poin'ed, convex, awnlel's; ii:ner twice 

 as long, linear, narrow, acute, cloven at the lurnmit, aw::- 

 lefs. Stam. FilameiUs (in eacli fioiet^ tiirivc.. equal, longer 

 X U ihaa 



