MACEDONIA. 



MACEDONIA, in Anclait Gtogrcphy, a country of 

 Europe, dilUngiiifhed by various appellations, belonuing to 

 one or other of its diftrifts, according as the people who 

 inhabited thofe diftricls happened to prevail. In the moll 

 ancient times it took its name from iEmathia, a denomi- 

 n.ition derived from ^mathius, a prince of great antiquity ; 

 but aft^;rwards the Greeks called it Macedonia, either from 

 king Macedo, a dcfcendaut, as fome pretend, from Deuca- 

 lion, or, as others fay, by au cafy change of Mygdonia, the 

 name of one of its provinces, into Macedonia. . Its bound- 

 aries have been very various, fometimes more extended and 

 fomelimes more confined, according to the good or bad for- 

 tune of its reigning princes. It was bounded originally on 

 the E. by theiEgean fea, on the S. by Thelfaly and Epirus, 

 on the W. by the Adriatic, or the Ionian fea, and on the N. 

 by the' river Strymon and the Searuian mountains, after- 

 wards by the river Nelfus, or Nc'.lus. Pliny fays, that no 

 Icfs than 150 different nations were featcd within its terri- 

 tory, and Mela tells us, that it had as many nations as 

 cities ; but in the time of Ptolemy, it appears from his 

 geography, that this number was very confiderable. Livy 

 (c. XXX.) comprehends the feveral divifious of Macedonia 

 under four principal parts, which he dcfwibes as follows : 

 «' Pars prim.i, Bifahas habet fortiffimos viros : trans Neflum 

 amnem incohmt et circa Strymoncm, &c." This part was 

 fertile, contained mines, and had for its principal town Am- 

 phipolis, which guarded the entrance into Macedonia, to- 

 wards the eall. " Secunda pars, celeberrimas urbes ThefTa- 

 lonicam et CafTandriam habet." To this part was joined 

 Pallcna, a country very fertile, and abundant in grain, and 

 having good ports. " Tertia regio, nobiles urbes EdefTam 

 et Beru;am, et Pellam et Vettiorum bellicofam gentem : in- 

 colas quoque permultos Gallos et Illyrios impigros culto- 

 res." " Quartam regionem Eord;ei, et Lynceftse, el Pilago- 

 nes incoUint. .Juncta his Atintania et Styinphaliset Eliniio- 

 tis." Cellarius didirr^'uidies " Macedonia propria," from Ma. 

 cedonia adjunfta." Macedonia propria, or Macedon proper, 

 contains the following parts. I . In this part were the yflonipll 

 in tlie north, where the mountains Hxmusandthe Scardus 

 join. This country is called Almopia by Thucydidcs ; and 

 Livy places here mount Boreas. Pdiigonia, ca'led by 

 Strabo TfiTroXili,-. becaufe it contained three towns, though 

 Ptolemy afilgns to it only two, is the fourth region of 

 Livy, fuppofed to be the . fame with Piemua. Lycejlh or 

 l.yncellis, ini-.abited by the Lynceftx, lay to the S.VV". of 

 P?eonia. The chief town v;as Heraclea. Eordsa, i;iha- 

 bited by the Eord^-i, was fituated W. of the Lyncella;, or' 

 between the country of the Taulantii and Oreftes. North 

 of thefe was the territory of the DalfarctK, whofe chief 

 towns were Lychnides and Evia. The former was called 

 Lychnidia by Polybius, and was pleafantly fituated near a 

 lake of the fame name. It is now called Ochrida. To this 

 part belonged alio a portion of Elymlotis ; the reft was in 

 Illyria, as v.-ell as Candavia. 3. The fecond'part was com- 

 prifed between the rivers Erigon and Axius. Here are 

 found the famous tov.'ns of Edeffa, Bercea, and Pella. 

 Livy places in this part the famous nation of Vettii. To- 

 wards the north lies a portion of Pasonia, called Deurhpus, 

 •W-hich, according t© Strabo, had three towns, ws. Brya- 

 iiium, Alalconenx, and Stybsra. In the part of Pxonia, 

 which was on this tide of the Axius, was Armiffa, which, 

 according to Thucydides, was the firft town of the king- 

 dom of Pcrdiceas. JEmaih'ia was the mod confiderable part 

 of Macedonia, io as formerly to have given it its name ; in 

 U'hicb country we find Tyritfa, Scydra, Meyza ; and fince 

 among the Cyrrhtjla, Cyrrlius, Idomene, Gortynia or Gor- 

 fiynia, -£ge, and Pella. Towards the fea waa the fmall 



country, called Bolu,ea, or Bollirlu. As Herodotus attri- 

 butes to this fmall country the towns of IcUni and Peila» 

 Cluvier conjedlures that VEmathia was enlarged by its en- 

 croachments on this province. P'terla lay to the fouth 

 of this fmall country, and in procefs of time comprehended 

 Bottiasa. In Pieria were the towns of Aloru;', Methone, 

 Pidna, called Citron, Dium, and others lefs confiderable. 

 The river Enipeus, flowing from the vallies of mount 

 Olympus, difcharged itfelf into the fea, fouth of Dium, 

 and at its mouth was Phyla, a ftrong town, built by De- 

 metrius Gonatas. 3. The third part of Macedonia, ac- 

 cording to Cellarius, was comprehended between the rivers 

 Axius and Strymon ; and this is the fecond according to 

 the didribution of I..ivy. In this part are fou:id jlwphax'ilts, 

 E. of the mouth of the Axius, on the Thermaic gulf. The 

 moil confiderable town was Thcrma, which afterwards took 

 the name of Theifaloniea, and is now called Saloniclii. 

 Mygdonia lay to the N. of the Therm.aic gulf, but did not 

 extend to the fea. Here were the to\'-i;Sof Antigonea and 

 StobijPhyfca, Terpillas, Aflbrus, and Xvlopolis ; and by ex- 

 tending this part towards the fouth, it will be made to 

 comprehend the towns of ApoUonia and Arethufa. Thu- 

 cydides places immediately after Mygdonia, Grcjlon'ia, An- 

 ihcinus, and R'lfali'ta. Anthcmus probably derived its name 

 from the town of Anthemus, placed by M. d'Anville to- 

 wards the E. of Amphaxitis, near the fource of the Re- 

 chius. Grejlonia or Crejloiiia, was fituated N.E. of Am- 

 phaxitis, and liad a town of the fame name. The Eche- 

 dorus had its fource in this country, and ran from hence 

 into Mygdonia. S'tntke and Bljaltia lay towards the N. 

 and N.E. of Crellonia, upon the Pontus, between the 

 mountains, and had a town named Heraclea Siritica. Bi- 

 fah'ia was a country inhabited by the Bifaltte, who occupied 

 a territory near the river Strymon. Another confiderable 

 part of Macedonia was comprehended in a peninfula, which 

 projected between the Thermaic gulf to the weft, and ll.e 

 Strymonic gulf to the call. Towards the N.W. was, the 

 fmall country called Grejfca ; fouthwards from the fea to 

 the E. was Chaleidica, terminated by three long perinfulas, 

 paffing in a direiti'-.n from N.W. to S.E. The moll weft- 

 erly was called Pallcna, which had formerly borne the name 

 of Phlegra ; the next wm Sithonia ; and the third was a 

 peninfiUa joined to the continent by a tongue of land, in 

 which was fituated mount Athos. On the wellern coaif is 

 Crojlia, with its towns jEnia or ^nea, Gigonus, Smyla, 

 Antigonea, Combrea, and Lipaxos or Lipaxus. Upon 

 the illhmus which connects Pallcna with the continent, was 

 the town called Potidsa, and afterwards Caffandra ; to the 

 W. were the towns Sana, Menda, Scione, and Thrambus- 

 or Theramhus. At the extremit)'' of the S.E. was Ca- 

 najlmeum PromoiUoriiim, together with a place of the fame 

 name. Upon the eaftern coall were iEga and Aphitis. 

 Between the eallern coall of Pallcna and the weftern coalt 

 of Sithon'ia, the fea formed a gulf, cvWeiToroiMictis Sinus } 

 at the bottom of this gulf, on an eminence, was the town 

 of Olynthus, feparated from the gulf by the Bolyca palus^ 

 a marih into which were difcharged the two fmall rivers 

 Olynthius and Atnnias. Upon the wellern coall oi SUIio- 

 tiia were the towns of Mecyberna, Senr.yla, Galepfus, and 

 Torone, whence the Toronaic gulf derived its name. At 

 the weftern. extremity of this peninfula was the Promcntorium 

 Deiris, and at the S.E. point was the Promonlor'uim Am- 

 pelos. On the eaftern fide were Sarga, Singus, Pidaurus, 

 and Alfa, at the mouth of the Chabrius. The gulf, whieli 

 bathed this coall, haJ taken its name from Singus, fituated 

 at the entrance of a very large bay. • Thff peninfula, iii 

 which ftood mount Athos, had fevewl places fituated along 

 I. the 



