MACEDONIA. 



tlie fea conft. On the coafl towards the N. were Sana, 

 Cleonx, ThyfTum, near the Protnotitorium Nymphsmn. Upon 

 the coall towards the S.E. at tlie foot of the niounlain, 

 was ApolJonia, and the promontory tliat bore the name of 

 Acro-Alhos Promoiitonum. Towards the N. W. were tlie 

 towxs of Olophyxus, Dium, and Acanthus, fitiiatcd in a 

 bay in which Xerxes would have brought his (hips into tiie 

 Singitic ^ulf when he meant to cut through Athos, in or- 

 der to prevent the necefTity and danger of doubling the two 

 promontories, Acro-Athos and Nymphit-um. I'o the N., 

 on the fame coaft, are Stagyra, Arna, Arethufa, Bro- 

 mifcus, Argilus, and Eion at the mouth of the Strymon, 

 where alfo was Amphipolis. 



The Maccd'jma adjcSa of Cclhrins, was that which wa» 

 taken from Thrace in the time of Philip, and extended from 

 the river Strymon on the W. to the Nyflus on the E. Am- 

 phipolis, the port of which was Eion, belonged to this part. 

 Cluverius places ajfo in this part the town of Berga, but it 

 really lav W. of the river. From Berga was derived the 

 proverbial expreflion Esj-, ki Jhv atli ra i/.nJfv aAiiSs X^ym, Bcrgai- 

 zare, id ell, nihil veri dicere, for exaggeration, or faying 

 any thing tliat was fcarcely credible. To the E. of Stry- 

 mon was Gazolus ; on the fca-coall, beyond Eion, were 

 Phagres, Gapfelus, jEfyma, and Neapolis. In the inland 

 territory \yas Philippi, formerly called Crenides and Datus, 

 and which under its latter name became a Roman colony ; 

 and towards the W. Drabefcus, Triuiluni, Domenis, &c. 



Macedonia was interlected by many Roman ways, the moll 

 ancient of which was called J'ia Egtml'ia. It was thought 

 to have been a continuation of this Roman way, that termi- 

 nated at Brundufium ; it commenced at Dyrrachium, v.hence 

 it palled by Hydrantuni to Anion, on the coaft of Epirus. 

 From each of thefe towns it branched off to Claudiana. 

 From this place it paifed to Lichnidus, belonging to the 

 Daflaretii, and thence turning to the S., it paffed by Hera- 

 clea, belonging to the Lvncells, by Edefl'a, Fella, Theffalo- 

 iiica, ApoUonia, Amphipohs, Philippi, Neapolis, and the 

 reft of Thrace, as far as Cypfelus or Cyplela on the Hebrus. 

 Some authors have continued it as far as Conftantinople. 



Ptolemy extends Macedonia as far as the Ionian fea, and 

 afligns as its boundaries on the N. Dalmatia and Mceiia, and 

 on the weft Thrace. On the coaft he places the Taulantii, then 

 the Elymioti, Oreftis, Edonis and Odomanlice on the Stry- 

 monic gulf, and on the fame gulf Aniphaxitis, then Chal- 

 cidica, Paraxiae on the coaft, Pierix on the Thermaic 

 gulf, the Pelalgioti on the coaft, Phthiotis on the Pelafgic 

 gulf; and northwards, towards the W., &c. the Albani, the 

 Almopi, Orbellx, the Eordati, the Eftrasi, Joranum, Sintices, 

 the Daflaretii, Lyceftis, Pelagonia, Bifaltix, Mygdonia, 

 Etnathia, the Parthyxi, Stymphalis, the Eftioti, and the 

 Theffalii. The iflands which he afligns to Macedonia were 

 Safo in the Ionian fea, and in the jEgean fea, Lemnos with 

 its two towns Myrina and Hephafftia, Scixthos with a town 

 of the fame name, Scopelos, and Scyros with a town of 

 the fame name. 



According to M. dcl'Ifle's map of Greece, the extent of 

 Macedonia from N. to S. was about i6o miles, and from 

 W. to E. about 220. Its form was very irregular ; but its 

 fituation was excellent, its flioresbemg waftied on the E. by 

 the .^gean, and on the W. by the Ionian feas : but thefe 

 advantages with regard to navigation and commerce, v.'ere 

 never well improved ; as the Mivcedonians were never power- 

 ful at fea, notwithftanding the many noble bays and excellent 

 harbours which their coaft aftorded. 



Among the moft confiderable mountains of this country, 

 we may reckon the great ridge, which traverfed the northern 

 part, called the Scardiau mountains. In this part alfo was 



fituated mount Pangreus, which was lofty and well covered witk 

 wood, and which was more valuable on account of its mines 

 of gold and hirer. From Thrace it was divided by mount 

 Hxmus, which towards the W. joined the Scardian hills. 

 Athos, in the Chalcidian region, was one of the moft cele- 

 brated mountains in the world. (See Athos.) Olympus 

 was alfo another mountain, that was fo lofty as to reach 

 almoft the conlines of heaven, whence the poets took the 

 liberty of making it tlie feat of the gods. ( See Oly.mpu.s.) 

 The Scardian hilis and mount .Xthos were well covered with 

 woods ; and, indeed, the whole kingdom of Macedonia, 

 benig every where intermixed with mountains and riling 

 grounds, abounded with all forts of trees, that were valua- 

 ble on account either of timber, fruit, or (hade. The feaa 

 that adjoined it were the Adriatic, which afforded feveral 

 (ale ports, beiides the great haven of Epidamnus, now 

 Duraz/.o ; and the iEgean fea, v.'hich opened to this country 

 not only the trade of Greece, but that of Afia. Its bays 

 were fpacious, a'nd four of them were efpecially remarkable ; 

 viz. Sinus Strymonicus, which enclofed in its bofom the 

 ifland of Thafus, and is now called Golfo di ContefTa : — Si- 

 nus Singiticus, having on one fide mount Athos, and on the 

 other a long flip of land, once full of rich and populous 

 towns, now fty led Golfo di Monte Santo : — SinusToronaicus, 

 having the ridge of land jutt mentioned on one fide, and part 

 of the region Paraxia on the other, now called, Golfo di 

 Aiomama :--and Sinus Thermasus, 60 mfles in length, now 

 called the gulf of Saloniehi. Of the rivers of Macedonia, thofe 

 that fell nito the Adriatic were the Panyafus, the Apfus, 

 the I^aous, called alfo jEas and Aous, and Celydnus or 

 Pepylichus, which is conflJered as the boundary between 

 Macedon and Epirus. The nvers that difcharged themfelves 

 into the iEgean fea were the Aliacmon, the Erigon, the 

 Axius (fee Axius), and the Strymon, the ancient boundary 

 between Macedon and Thrace, but fince the time of Philip 

 this boundary has been the NefFus. As to the lakes of Ma- 

 cedonia, befides thofe formed by the overflowing of the 

 river Strymon, and the junftion of the rivers Axius and 

 Erigon, there is almofl in the centre of the country, not 

 far from the Candavian mountains, a large and famous lake, 

 called the lake of Lychnidus, or the lake of Prefpa. There 

 is alfo another lake in the province of Mygdonia ; and a 

 third near the ancient city of Sintia, called afterwards He- 

 raclea Sintica. 



The climate of Macedonia was falubrious and favourable 

 to longevity ; the foil was generally fertile, efpecially on the 

 fea-coaft, producing in abundance corn, wine, and oil ; but 

 the principal riches of Macedonia conilited in its mines of 

 almoft all kinds of metals, but more particularly of gold. 

 The Romans, when they reduced Macedonia into a province, 

 reftrained the inhabitants from digging or refiiiing gold or 

 filver, but left them at liberty with regard to any other metal. 

 In ancient times Macedonia abounded with horfes above all 

 the other countries of Greece. Three lumdred ftallious, 

 and 30,000 mares, were kept in the royal llud near Pella. 



Macedoxi.V, ITiJlory of. This country was originally in- 

 habited by many nations. Thofe from wjiom the race fprang, 

 which from fmall beginnings became lords of Greece, 

 were Arglves. Under the condudl of Caranus, who was 

 defcended from Hercules by his fon Temenus, they came 

 into this country about 81 4 years B.C., and eftabliflied them- 

 felves by their arms. Their dominion was afterwards conll- 

 derably enlarged by their prudence as much as by tlieir va- 

 lour ; for erecting no trophies after their victories, and treat- 

 ing thole whom they had fubdued with the tendernefs of 

 brethren, they engaged the aflFcftions of the conquered, with 

 whom they aifociated as one people, and thus various tribes 

 5 A 2 were 



