4 MICHIGAN FISH COMMISSION— BULLETIN NO. 5. 



5. Collections made by Dr. E. H. Ward in September, 1894, in Emmet 

 and Cheboygan Counties, along the " Inland Route." 



Inasmuch as these collections were made for the most part, in the 

 summer season, and more especial attention was paid to the larger bodies 

 of water, the results of the examination cannot be considered as giving us 

 a complete knowledge of the fauna of the State. A more careful examina- 

 tion of the smaller lakes and of the stagnant pools would doubtless add 

 some species to the list. Yet the number of those species would be small, 

 and for the larger bodies of water the list as given in this paper is prob- 

 ably very nearly complete. 



This becomes evident when one remembers how nearly identical are the 

 faunae of the deeper waters of our lakes. To such an extent is this true 

 that one can prophesy quite exactly what species will be found in a collec- 

 tion from any of the lakes of this latitude. The collections from the 

 deeper water will almost invariably give the following species: — Diaptomus 

 oregonensis, Cyclops brevispinosus, C. Leuckarti and C. fluviatilis. O. 

 albidus and C. serrulatus may be present, but belong more properly to the 

 littoral fauna. In the larger lakes, in addition to this list we may find 

 Epischura lacustris. Diaptomus sicilis, D. Ashlandi, D. minutus, and 

 Limnocalanus macrurus are not commonly found except in the Great 

 Lakes and in the bodies of water in direct connection with them; in the 

 Great Lakes, too, C. pulchellus takes the place which C. brevispinosus 

 holds in the smaller lakes. 



D. Reighardi is the only new species which I have found in the Michi- 

 gan collections. As I have already remarked in a former paper ('93 p. 192) 

 the species of Diaptomus are, in some cases, quite limited in their distribu- 

 tion, and apparently Diaptomus is much more susceptible to the influences 

 of its environment than is Cyclops. Very little is known of the life his- 

 tories of the species of Diaptomus, and it is possible that a more complete 

 knowledge may lead to a reduction of the number of species. But, so far 

 as I can see, all the forms described vary within comparatively narrow 

 limits, and there is no evidence whatever to lead us to question the separa- 

 tion of the forms. 



I have indicated, in the accompanying chart, the distribution of the 

 species. It has not seemed necessary to indicate the character of the indi- 

 vidual collections in Lake St. Clair and Lake Michigan as no particular 

 significance is attached to such facts. 



The sketch maps will show most of the localities where the collections 

 were made. 



It is interesting to note the greater richness of the copepod faunae of our 

 lakes as compared with those of the continent of Europe. Zacharias finds 

 seven species of copepods belonging to the Cyclopido3 and Calanido3 in 

 the Ploner See. In Lake Michigan there are nine, and that includes no 

 littoral species; in the lakes on the Beaver Island there are eight, in Pine 

 Lake nine, in Round Lake eleven, in Intermediate Lake eleven, and in 

 Lake St. Clair sixteen. The large number in Lake St. Clair is probably 

 explained by the fact that, being very shallow, it has the species of the 

 smaller bodies of water and of the stagnant pools, and in addition, because 

 of its connection with the Great Lakes, has also their limnetic species. 



