eet) 
\ 
276 J. Croll—Examination of Wallace's Modification of the 
ee s+ 
For example, at the mouth of Glen Brora, in Sutherland, there 
is a well-marked moraine with large blocks resting upon, an 
apparently of the same age as, the deposits of the raised beach.* 
ert Chambers also observed moraine matter resting 
upon the 30-feet beach at the opening of Glen Iorsa, in Arran. 
In many of the Highland sea-lochs, says Professor J. Geikie, 
glaciers appear to have come down to the sea and calved their 
icebergs there. This, he thinks, is probably the reason why 
the 40-50-feet beach is not often well seen at the heads of such 
sea-lochs. The glaciers seem in many cases to have flowed on 
for some distance into the sea, and thus prevented the forma- 
tion of a beach and cliff-line. , 
The greater magnitude and torrential character of the rivers 
_ of that period were no doubt due to the melting during sum- 
mer of great masses of snow and ice. The presence of the 
large Greenland whale, found frequently in the Carse deposits, 
would seem to indicate a somewhat colder sea than now sur- 
rounds our island. A decrease of temperature of the sea 1s 
what would necessarily occur from a slight diminution in the 
volume of the Gulf-stream, arising from the greater deflection 
of equatorial water into the southern hemisphere. ig 
: nother circumstance deserves notice here, as it seems to 
indicate that the climatic conditions of the two hemispheres — 
were at the period of the Carse clays the reverse of what they ce) 
are at present. During that period the sea stood higher in 
relation to the land than it does at the present time. To this — 
circumstance alone no great importance can be attached; but 
probability is further increased by the fact that during the 
growth of the ancient Forest, which immediately underlies the 
lent t notes 
when the winter solstice was in perihelion; and at this time 
owing to a somewhat greater amount of eccentricity than a 
* ‘Prehistoric Europe,’ p. 411. ne ian 
Those who doubt the equable and warmer character of the climate of pee 
submarine Forest-bed period should study the mass of evidence on this pr 
‘given in ‘ Prehistoric Kurope,’ can 
} For the probable dates of the Carse-clays and the submarine Forest-beds age 
Appendix | | 
