THE ORCHID REVIEW. 279 
following. In the Intermediate house there is usually a longer spell when 
it is not advisable to use fire-heat both day and night, but here again it is 
better to have a slight warmth whenever the nights are chilly. In the 
Cool house fire-heat is not only unnecessary, but injurious, from about the 
beginning of May until the end of September, unless the weather be very 
exceptional. 
September having now arrived, it has again become necessary to employ 
artificial warmth pretty regularly in the Intermediate and Warm houses, 
especially during the night, for it is much better practice to have sufficient 
warmth in the pipes with bottom air, and also perhaps a little on the top, 
than it is to shut the houses up close witha view of keeping the thermometer 
up to the proper degree without such warmth. The first conditions are 
favourable to a complete and healthy circulation of pure air, which tends to 
ripen and consolidate all new growth, whilst the latter conditions are 
favourable to fungoid diseases and immature growth. 
The temperature for the Intermediate houses should be 70° to 75° with 
sun ; 65° to 70° without sun; and 60° to 65° during the night. Many plants 
in these departments, and more especially the Cattleyas and Leelias, will 
now have nearly or quite completed their season’s growth, therefore it 
becomes advisable to alter somewhat the method of treatment, by giving 
more light and sun, and an abundance of air on all favourable opportunities, 
and by supplying less moisture both at the roots and in the atmosphere. 
Do not, however, go to extremes, but endeavour to strike the happy 
medium. Twice daily will now be often enough to damp down, doing it 
night and morning, but should the outside conditions be wet and cold, and 
there is an insufficiency of fire-heat, it is better not to damp down later 
than mid-day. The application of water to the roots will from now be a 
matter requiring some discretion and judgment. Remarks have previously 
been made in reference to this subject, especially with respect to some 
species that require exceptional treatment during their dormant season, in 
order to maintain them in health, and cause them to bloom freely. When 
new pseudobulbs are completed a less amount of water should be given, 
when they will become gradually and properly matured, after which the 
plants—even many of the evergreen kinds, such as Cattleyas, Lzelias, 
Coelogynes, &c.—are capable of withstanding drought for several weeks in 
succession during the winter months. It is not easy to say when or how 
often resting plants should be watered. One must take into consideration 
the size of the pot, the method of potting and crocking, the amount of 
compost round the roots, the state of the weather, the strength of the 
plant, &c., &c. 
In the Cool house, as I said before, no warmth from the pipes should 
be given this month. Simply keep the temperature as low as possible, 
both night and day. Damp down the surroundings twice daily, and see 
