Mem. Nat. Mus. Vicrt., 13, 1943. 
THE KEILOR FOSSIL SKULL: ANATOMICAL 
DESCRIPTION 
By J. Wunderly, D.Sc. 
Hon. Craniologist, National Museum, Melbourne 
Plates IV-LX 
The Keilor skull, when found, was almost completely covered 
with a mineral incrustation, the greater part of which has since 
been removed from the outer surface. The mandible and a part 
of each zygomatic arch, of the right temporal bone, and of the 
occipital bone, are missing. The skull was unearthed by a work- 
man whose pick penetrated the cranium and shattered a piece of 
the right parietal bone measuring about 35 x 27 mm. The bone 
of the skull is mineralized and is very firm. 
Photographs were taken after the removal of the incrustation 
(Pl. IV-VI). Contour drawings have been made (PI. VII-IX) 
and measurements are shown in Tables I and II in comparison 
with corresponding data for series of Australian, Tasmanian, 
Melanesian, and Polynesian male skulls. All figures in these tables, 
except those for the Keilor skull and Tasmanian skulls, are quoted 
from Wagner (10); figures for Tasmanians are from Wunderly 
(11) and Morant (6). In both tables two columns of figures are 
shown under each heading except that referring to the Keilor 
skull; the first are measurements and the second show the number 
of specimens measured. 
Orbitale, both poria, basion, and opisthion are all present. The 
difficulty in locating the prosthion, to which Wagner and others 
have alluded, is somewhat reduced in the Keilor skull, because 
some of the alveolar bone in this region has been lost through 
post-mortem damage, leaving a fairly sharp point of bone, which 
is the only one that can be used for measurements. Visual examina- 
tion suggests that about 2 mm. of the alveolar bone has been lost, 
but the measurements have been made from the existing point of 
bone. All measurements from the alveolar point and prosthion 
are therefore approximate. A suitable point for measuring the 
bizygomatie breadth is available on the right side; on the left 
side, however, a point was used on a line joining the lateral edges 
of the broken anterior and posterior ends of the arch; this measure- 
me is estimated to be between 1 and 2 mm. less than the correct 
value. 
The means in Table I were not all calculated from measurements 
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