18 THE PROBLEM OF ANTIQUITY OF MAN IN AUSTRALIA 
He used local names for identified phases since he was not con- 
vinced that they are contemporaneous with Pleistocene glacial 
phases in the northern hemisphere. He could find no evidence of 
a fourth phase corresponding to the fourth phase of Europe. The 
three phases are: 
1. The Margaret; the latest, mountain tarn stage. 
2. The Yolande; the most obvious, cirque-cutting stage. _ 
3. The Malanna; an ice-cap stage, the oldest and most extensive, 
but preserved only as fragments. 
Lewis considered that his investigations do not preclude other 
glaciations. There may be (1) an obliterated pre-Malanna glacia- 
tion; (2) a glacial phase between the Malanna and the Yolande; 
or (3) a subdivision of the Malanna into more than one phase. 
He said that the Malanna ice-cap covered from a third to a half 
of Tasmania. It was followed by a lengthy interglacial phase 
during which he considers that the Pieman, the Derwent and other 
rivers cut gorges 1,000-2,000 ft. deep in hard rocks. Yolande 
glaciation moulded the topography of those parts of the island 
more than 2,000 ft. above sea level and is responsible for the most 
obvious cirques, moraines and glacial deposits, but it lasted a much 
shorter time than the Malanna and was less intense. An inter- 
glacial phase probably followed; Lewis could not prove this, but 
considered available evidence pointed to it. The third, least intense 
and most recent glacial phase is the Margaret, which gave rise 
to mountain tarns. 
Tentative proposals for correlating non-glacial Pleistocene 
features with glacial phases have been suggested by David (1924), 
Tindale (1933), Lewis (1934) and Edwards (1941). None of these 
authors indicates whether heights of raised beaches and terraces 
were measured by instruments estimated by eye. 
David assigned the maximum Tasmanian ice-sheets and the ice- 
eap of Mount Kosciusko at 5,000 ft. to the Mindel phase, and 
moraines of the Tasmanian National Park at 2,500-2,800 ft. to the 
Riss. He considered that erosion of V-shaped valleys superim- 
posed on older U-shaped valleys of the Pieman River, Tasmania, 
and of the Snowy River at Kosciusko began in the Riss-Wiirm 
interglacial phase, and that the extensive rock platform at 65-85 ft. 
above sea level in the Ringarooma Valley and the peat deposits 
of Mowbray Swamp, both in Tasmania, were formed at the same 
period. To Wiirm glaciation he assigns lake basins in the Tas- 
manian National Park at 3,200-3,500 ft.; glaciation at Blue Lake, 
Kosciusko, at 6,150 ft.; and the newest torrent gravels of Eastern 
Gippsland, Victoria. Minor post-Wirm glaciation followed at the 
