62 THE KEILOR FOSSIL SKULL: ANATOMICAL DESCRIPTION 
Compared with the average male skulls of several Oceanic 
races, it is large. 
The form of its contour resembles closely that of the South 
Australian male skull. 
The anatomical characteristics, absolute measurements, and 
contour drawings indicate masculinity. 
The cranial sutures and other features indicate an individual 
of middle age. 
The Australoid and Tasmanoid anatomical characteristics 
are consistent with the theory that the Australians had a 
bi-racial origin, and also with the supplementary theory that 
Australia was originally peopled by Negritos. The presence 
of characteristics of the two racial types is more important 
than their proportional relationship. 
S. St 1S teers 
The theory of remote bi-racial origin of the Australians is 
independent of recent admixture with races, which are known to 
have entered Australia in the north and the north-east in com- 
paratively recent times; this admixture is still going on. 
The characteristics of the Keilor skull are also consistent with 
the geological evidence, which is given elsewhere in this volume, 
that it is of some geological antiquity. 
TECHNIQUE OF EXAMINATION 
In the examination of the Keilor skull, the English biometric 
technique described in several papers published in Biometrika 
(1, 3, and 8) has been followed with a few modifications suggested 
by Wagner (10) and by Wunderly (11). 
Orientation. 
The skull was orientated in the Frankfurt horizontal plane. 
The apparatus used for supporting it is a modification of Martin’s 
Kubuskraniophor. Several years ago the adjustable clamp of the 
kubus was found to cause considerable damage to fragile skulls; 
the clamp was therefore removed and various parts were added, 
as shown in fig. 1. 
Two vertical bars, A and B, have been fixed to each side of the 
kubus frame, and each carries an attachment that is adjustable 
horizontally, one, C’, for insertion into the auditory meatus and the 
other, D’, into the orbit. Each adjustable attachment consists of 
a rod ©’, D’ fitted into a thick-walled tube, C, D, provided with a 
thumb-serew to lock the rod in position. The free end of each rod 
is shaped almost to a knife edge for a length of about 18 mm. The 
knife edge on C’ is on the upper surface, and that on D’ is on the 
