FAMILY NYMPEJALTD--E. 207 



elm, from the branches of which it often hangs in clusters ; and when once stripped of 

 its foliage by the larvae of this species, which are more numerous some years than others, 

 the tree rarely recovers. 



The pupa is suspended by its tail from the underside of a stone or rail, and is pointed 

 and armed with a double row of spines upon its ventral surface. 



The antiopc or willow butterfly survives the winter : it seeks a warm secluded place, and 

 hence in the spring it appears early. The young butterfly comes forth from the chrysalis 

 state in July ; and in August a second brood of caterpillars appear, which pass through 

 their changes before winter. 



In consideration of the extensive injury these caterpillars inflict upon some of our best 

 kinds of shade trees, it is very desirable that they should be destroyed, by shaking them 

 from the limbs on which they congregate, and crushing them under the foot It is only by 

 taking this advantage of its larval state, that the increase of the species can be effectually 

 checked. 



Vanessa interrogations. Semicolon Butterfly ( Harris). ( Plate xxxv, fig. 5.) 



Head and body brown, hairy. Anterior wings angulated and reddish or dark reddish 

 orange, with their borders broadly shaded with black and obscurely marked 'with 

 reddish spots, of which the longest is situated at the superior and outer angle, and 

 dotted or marked within with black : middle spotted with seven angular black spots. 

 Posterior wings all black except their bases, but the black is not sufficient to conceal 

 rows of reddish spots : posterior and lateral margin edged with a black line, within 

 which there is a reddish white line extending and spreading over the short tails. 

 Underside of both pairs of wings the color is rust-red or marbled : the border of the 

 hindwing is also ornamented with faint bluish green lunate spots. The centre has the 

 pale silvery comma. Expansion of wing, 2i - 2|- inches. 

 The caterpillar is spinous, brownish and variegated with yellow and brown, and lives 



upon the hop. 



There seems to be some variety in the markings of this butterfly, though the general 



pattern is much the same. 



Vanessa progne ( Fabricius). Progne Butterfly. 

 Antennae brown : knob dark brown, tipped with lighter ; outside spotted with black and 

 white ; beneath light brown. Head with a black spot at the base of the palpi. Body 

 brown, light beneath and black above. Wings angulated, brown, and spotted with 

 black. Anterior wings : Outer margin black, marked near the centre with five 

 round spots placed in a right angle : above and near the margin there is an oblong 



