50 EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 



PLATE 26. 

 Varieties of Maize, Early Tuscarora Corn. For description, see text under the head of Corn or 



or Maize. 



PLATES 27, 28, 29. 

 Varieties of Wheat. For description, see the text. 



PLATE 48. 



Landreth's Early Pea. This pea, as its name implies, is early, and is valuable, inasmuch as it is 



equal in goodness to the Marrowfat. The pod shows that it bears well. 



PLATE 49. 

 Fig. I. Orange Carrot, showing the structure of its root by a tranverse section. 

 Fig. 2. a, longitudinal section of the Beet ; b, transverse section. The yellowish white band 

 communicates with the double row of fibres upon the outside. 



PLATE 54. 



Black Tantain Oat. 



PLATE 57. 

 Tvjo varieties of Barley. Fig. 3. Barley brand. Fig. 4. Spores of the barley brand, or smut, 



greatly magnified. 



Plates illustrating the mean monthly ranges of temperature, and the semi-monthly mean for 

 the year, have been compiled from registers kept at Albany for the year 184S. The register was 

 kept by Mr. J. Salisbury. For a part of the year, a register has also been kept by Nathan 

 Salisbury, Esq. of Scott, Cortland county. These observations I have tabulated also, and they 

 appear on the plate of the same month with the Albany observations. In 1844, I kept a register 

 of the temperature of the soil and air. The entire series of observations agree in the indications 

 of the range of temperature for the periods at which they were made. Scott is about 1200 feet 

 above Albany; Hoosic-falls, about 450 - 500. 



The object in constructing these tables, was to present to the eye the facts which are so obscure 

 to most minds when given merely in figures. Observations at Rensselaerville, Albany county, 

 made by my friend Mr. H. A. Gallup, and also by Mr. Bannister of Cazenovia, agree very 

 nearly with those made at Scott. These places differ only a few feet in height. 



The inspection of these plates will convey a clear conception of the changes of temperature in 

 this section of the State. This fact, however, would have appeared in a stronger light had I 

 constructed them from the extremes of observed temperature for the day. 



The earth, at the depth of four feet, it will be seen, presents for some months a uniform range, 

 but little change occurring for many days in succession. The difference between two feet and 

 four feet is quite remarkable, amounting to two or three degrees. It is interesting to observe 

 how the ranges of temperature represented by the lines cut the arches formed by the air line at 

 different periods of the year. 



It may be proper to observe, in explination of these plates, that on the left margin the degrees 

 are placed, and the day of the month upon the upper. If it is wished to know what the mean 

 temperature was for any day of any given month, it is found at the junction of the horizontal and 

 perpendicular lines : the line of temperature touches at each intersection. 



