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TANNING MATERIALS 
Tanning materials are employed in changing animal 
skins into leather. This is chiefly the effect of the tannic 
acid contained in the agents upon the tissues of the skin, 
but another important action is that of filling up the 
minute cavities of the skins, to make the leather firm and 
compact. 
1324 
1325. 
1326. 
roe 
1328. 
1329. 
1330. 
1331. 
1332. 
1333. 
1334. 
1335. 
1336. 
1337- 
1338. 
1339. 
1340. 
1341. 
1342. 
THE PINE FAMILY (Pinaceae) 
Hemlock bark.—The bark of Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. Native of eastern 
North America. Collected in the New York Botanical Garden by P. 
Wilson in July, 1899. 
Episcia bark.—The bark of Picea Abies (L.) Karst. Native of Europe. 
From Hungary, through the Paris Exposition of 1900. 
Another sample of the same, of best quality. 
The same, of second quality. 
The same, ground and ready for use. 
Pino bark.—The bark of a Spanish species of Pinus, or pine, ground and 
ready for use. 
Saw-palmetto trunk. (See number 391.) Collected at Miami, Florida, in 
1904, by J. K. Small. 
The same, ground ready for extraction. 
Saw palmetto extract.—A tanning extract prepared from the preceding. 
Spent saw-palmetto wood.—The ground wood after the extract is removed. 
Saule. Willow bark.—The bark of Salix acutifolia Willd. (Salicaceae— 
Willow Family). Native of northeastern Asia. From Russia, through 
the Paris Exposition of 1900. 
The same, in a ground condition. 
French saule—The bark of a French species of Salix. From the Paris 
Exposition of 1900. 
Aune, or alder bark.—The bark of a species of Alnus, probably 4. glutinosa 
(L.) Medic. (Betulaceae—Birch Family). Native of France. From the 
Paris Exposition of 1900. 
THE BEECH FAMILY (Fagaceae) 
Rock, or white, chestnut-oak bark.—The bark of Quercus Prinus L. Native 
of eastern United States. Collected at Mount Airy, North Carolina, June 
20, 1909, by H. H. Rusby (see Herb.). 
Another sample of the same. Collected by H. H. Rusby at upper Montclair, 
New Jersey, July 3, 1919. 
Chene.—The bark of an oak, probably Quercus Robur L. Native of Europe. 
From France, through the Paris Exposition of 1900. 
Kashiwa bark.—The bark of Quercus dentata Thunb. Native of eastern 
Asia. From Japan. 
Konara bark.—The bark of Quercus glandulifera Blume. Native of eastern 
Asia. From Japan. 
