( 109 ) 
an important protection to the consumer against fraudulent 
practices and claims. Unless otherwise stated, the articles 
in this case were presented by Messrs. Merck & Company, 
of New York. 
2394.% Chlorophyl (CssH720sN«Mg).—The substance which chiefly gives the green 
color to foliage and is the active agent in directing the energy of the sun’s 
rays in building up the compounds that are utilized by the plant. 
2395. Starch (CsHioOs).—The primary compound that is formed in most plants 
by the action of the chlorophyl. It is manufactured from the water 
absorbed by the roots of the plant (H,O) and the carbon dioxide (CO:) 
inhaled through the breathing pores of the epidermis. 
2396. Glucose (Ci:H220u). Fruit sugar—The form of sugar that occurs most 
commonly in the vegetable kingdom. 
2397. Sugar (CjzH220n). Cane sugar.—One of many forms of sugar that are formed 
by the plant out of its starch. 
2398. Cellulose. The substance of which the cell wall is originally composed. 
As the cell continues to live, it usually covers the cellulose with other 
substances. The hairs of the cotton seed, after being freed from fat and 
some slight impurities, consist practically of pure cellulose. 
2399. Lignin.—A substance found overlying the cellulose walls of wood cells. It 
gives hardness, strength, and durability to wood tissue, 
2400. Cutin.—A substance found overlying the cellulose walls of epidermal cells. 
It is impervious to most substances and thus serves to protect the under- 
lying tissues. 
2401. Suberin.—A substance found overlying the cellulose walls of cork cells. It 
is even more impervious to liquids and gases than is cutin. 
2402. Gum.—One of a number of similar substances that overlies the cellulose 
wall of some cells of certain plants. 
2403. Spanish ergot.—The sclerotium of Claviceps purpurea (Fries) Tulasne 
(Hypocreaceae), replacing the grain of rye. Grown in Spain. Native of 
Europe and Asia and found in nearly all cultivated rye fields, as well as 
on other grasses. 
2404. Ergotic, or ergotinic, acid.—An acid substance of indefinite or undetermined 
chemical composition, derived from ergot. 
2405. Sclerotic acid.—Another form of the same. 
2406. Ergotinine (C3sHa9NsOc).—An alkaloid extracted from ergot. 
2407. Ergotine (CsoHs2N2O3).—Another alkaloid from the same. 
2408. Bonjeans ergotine-—An impure form of the preceding. 
2409. Cornutine or ecboline.-—Another alkaloid, of uncertain chemical composition, 
obtained from ergot. 
2410. Agaric. White or purging agaric.—The fruiting body of Fomes Laricis 
(Jacq.) Murrill. (Polyporaceae—Polypore Family). Parasitic on larches, 
etc. in Europe and other countries. 
% The arrangement of the articles in this exhibit is that of the natural sequence 
of the families to which they belong. They were nearly all presented by Merck & 
Company, of New York, the exceptions being indicated in the list. 
