THE GEOLOGY OF LONG ISLAND, ETC. 



streams; others that the sands and gravels of the south side 

 represent the underlying- Tertiary formations. 



Taylor, ('15), remarks that "the glaciated portion of 

 our range, besides being the home of so many native plants 

 not found elsewhere is typified by the large percentage of 

 hardwood trees, the relative scarcity, numerically of coni- 

 ferous trees and above all by the great number of species 

 introduced. Perhaps three fourths of all adventive and na- 

 turalized species find their greatest development in this area. 

 The glaciated portion (Long Island) contains many swamps, 

 ponds and bogs and it is the latter that are the chief in- 

 terest to the botanist. These undrained areas maintain a 

 flora quite characteristic. It has been shown that that sec- 

 tion . . . which was neither glaciated nor on the coastal 

 plain does not contain these plants, characteristic of the 

 glacial bogs of the north and also found in the typical cran- 

 berry bogs of the coastal plain." Swamps, ponds and bogs 

 are readily accessible to the botanist in the immediate vicin- 

 ity of the Laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor, and the region 

 of Lake Ronkonkema, while the classes make excursions to 

 the nearby bog at Woodbury. A popular article in this con- 

 nection is by Vail ('95) dealing with the June flora of a 

 Long Island swamp. 



Taylor ('15) also gives a list of ferns, fern allies and 

 seed plants found only north or south of the moraine. Ad- 

 ditions to the flora of Long Island north of the moraine 

 but not necessarily limited to that region are found in re- 

 cent papers by the writer, ('24-'25). Little if any work has 

 been done in this connection upon cryptogamic groups. 

 Harper, (1917a,b.) has described the conditions of vegeta- 

 tion in the glaciated and unglaciated portions of Kings and 

 Queens Counties in the western part of Long Island, bring- 

 ing out interesting differences. 



Taylor, ('15) additionally points out "Long Island is 

 geographically unique in that the terminal moraine abuts 

 directly on the coastal plain for nearly the whole length of 

 the island. Whether as previously indicated the region south 

 of the moraine is mostly overlaid with overwash material 

 from the glacier or whether the sands or gravels of the 

 south sides are the underlying Tertiary formations, may be 



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