[. 



THE GEOLOGY OF LONG ISLAND WITH ESPECIAL 



REFERENCE TO THE COLD SPRING HARBOR 



REGION AND ITS FLORA.* 



N. M. GRIER. 



To the botanist Long Island* is of peculiar interest. It 

 presents some unusually attractive features in the sea beach 

 and sand dune flora of the southern coast, in the pine barren 

 region vegetation of the central part of the island, in the 

 natural prairie, (Hempstead Plain), in the lake vegetation 

 of Lake Ronkonkema, in the deciduous forests of the great 

 terminal moraines which run the length of the island on 

 which are found a considerable variety of forest trees un- 

 der special conditions; in the salt marshes, bogs and sub- 

 merged gardens, all of the foregoing being easily accessible 

 from the Biological Laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor. The 

 value of the natural resources of Long Island is unusually 

 great because of their proximity to a great consuming cen- 

 ter, and detailed studies of its climate, soil, water supply, 

 physiography and flora have therefore been made. On this 

 account the relation of the vegetation to the physical condi- 

 tions is more easily determinable, and the flora has been 



* Contribution No. 8 from Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Har- 

 bor, N. Y. 



** This account of the Geology of Long Island is based on the 

 following publications: Fuller M. L. The Geology of Long Island, 

 N. Y., U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 82, 1914; Veatch, A. C. and 

 others, Underground Water Resources of Long Island, N. Y., U. S. 

 Geol. Survey, Prof. Paper 44. 1906; Bowman, Isaiah, Forest Physiog- 

 raphy, published by John Wiley and Sons; and the account of the 

 Camp Mills quadrangle given on that topographic sheet by W. C. 

 Alden. 



** Accompanying map drawn by J. F. Mueller, Department of 

 Zoology, University of Illinois. 



