ed by a definite and slightly raised border. The fungus fruits by send- 

 ing out clusters of very short, unbranched threads, each of which pro- 

 duces at the tip a minute, colorless spore, about twice as long as broad. 

 It has never been definitely classified, but Prof. Burrill is inclined to 

 class it Sphaceloma ampelinum, which produces one kind of black rot 

 in grapes. 



Remedy : Cut out the canes as soon as the berries are picked and 

 keep the field clean. 



In conclusion, I will say a few words about the treatment of fungus 

 diseases in general. The thing to be continually and most earnestly 

 sought is a knowledge of the life histories of the different species. 

 This is essential to intelligent action, and this is what all earnest stu- 

 dents are seeking. Some progress has been made, with good practical 

 results. But it requires an amount of time and patience, care and 

 accuracy, that one can scarcely conceive of till he has tried it and 

 one can scarcely hope for success unless he has an absorbing interest 

 in the subject for its own sake, as a science. Most of the world's 

 valuable discoveries have been made by men moved by the love of 

 science. No mercenary motive will answer in its place. 



Besides interest and ability, a man must have means to work with. 

 He must know what others have done and what methods they have 

 used to gain their results; hence, he must have books. He must 

 have microscopes and other apparatus for his investigations. Con- 

 sidering the interests involved, the amount of damage done to crops 

 by fungi, the desirability of increasing the knowledge of the subject 

 and of educating the people with regard to it, it would seem that 

 the State might well afford to furnish the means for subsistance and 

 for investigation to someone who will give his best efforts and inter- 

 est to the work, such interest as only the work itself will satisfy, 

 and which is essential to success. Yet results can not be gauranteed 

 and much patient waiting and disappointment may be unavoidable. 



In the meantime the best general mode of treatment is to destroy all 

 diseased plants or part of plants and any useless living plants or dead 

 matters that might harbor disease. — From the Minnesota Horticultural 

 Report, vol. xiv, 1886. 



